{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400053403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","title":"Inconsistent reproductive cycles and postnatal growth between captive and wild Chinese pangolins and its conservation implications","display_name":"Inconsistent reproductive cycles and postnatal growth between captive and wild Chinese pangolins and its conservation implications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400053403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765061010","display_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","issn_l":"2351-9894","issn":["2351-9894"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081740544","display_name":"Nick Ching\u2010Min Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4844-4423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4844-4423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321067030","display_name":"Zoological Society of London","ror":"https://ror.org/03px4ez74","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321067030"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16566446","display_name":"National Pingtung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01y6ccj36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]}],"countries":["GB","TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nick Ching-Min Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group, Zoological Society of London, London, UK","Institute of Wildlife Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan","Pingtung Rescue Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4844-4423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group, Zoological Society of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321067030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Wildlife Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pingtung Rescue Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16566446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025777395","display_name":"Flora Hsuan\u2010Yi Lo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321067030","display_name":"Zoological Society of London","ror":"https://ror.org/03px4ez74","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321067030"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263608","display_name":"Taipei Zoo","ror":"https://ror.org/03pyva468","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263608"]}],"countries":["GB","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flora Hsuan-Yi Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group, Zoological Society of London, London, UK","Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group, Zoological Society of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321067030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taipei Zoo, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263608"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110533576","display_name":"Fang-Tse Chan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095492","display_name":"Taiwan Textile Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00kqjn528","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095492"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang-Tse Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute,\u00a0Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute,\u00a0Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037813473","display_name":"Kuei-Shien Lin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095492","display_name":"Taiwan Textile Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00kqjn528","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095492"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuei-Shien Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute,\u00a0Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute,\u00a0Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013422982","display_name":"Kurtis Jai\u2010Chyi Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6454-7628","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6454-7628"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurtis Jai\u2011Chyi Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Wildlife Society,\u00a0Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Wildlife Society,\u00a0Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081740544"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321067030","https://openalex.org/I16566446"],"apc_list":{"value":2230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2230},"apc_paid":{"value":2230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2230},"fwci":0.9629,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72157371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":null,"first_page":"e03057","last_page":"e03057"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.8246999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.8246999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13967","display_name":"Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.031700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-pangolin","display_name":"Chinese pangolin","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manis-pentadactyla","display_name":"Manis pentadactyla","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captive-breeding","display_name":"captive breeding","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reintroduction","display_name":"reintroduction","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-phenology","display_name":"breeding phenology","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-season","display_name":"breeding season","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timing-of-birth","display_name":"birth timing","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postnatal-growth","display_name":"postnatal growth","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weaning","display_name":"weaning","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captive-diet","display_name":"captive diet","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-risk","display_name":"obesity risk","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiological-flexibility","display_name":"physiological flexibility","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endangered-species-conservation","display_name":"endangered species conservation","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taiwan","display_name":"Taiwan","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777636277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350718","display_name":"Captive breeding","level":4,"score":0.8264350891113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8144363164901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776787076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920296","display_name":"Captivity","level":2,"score":0.7309717535972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179345059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11394","display_name":"Endangered species","level":3,"score":0.6675082445144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.5989668369293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776217272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34577","display_name":"Poaching","level":3,"score":0.5909820795059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126914827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353106","display_name":"Flagship species","level":4,"score":0.5742354989051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155461473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219127","display_name":"Critically endangered","level":4,"score":0.5568227767944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.49607929587364197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514575182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228395","display_name":"Mating","level":2,"score":0.4276856780052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59659247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11990","display_name":"Reproduction","level":2,"score":0.41537004709243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.38389164209365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.34725451469421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1787441074848175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.16358423233032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.15998592972755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765061010","display_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","issn_l":"2351-9894","issn":["2351-9894"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5dd8fa9c79784257bdcb98eb75af675b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5dd8fa9c79784257bdcb98eb75af675b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation, Vol 54, Iss , Pp e03057- (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765061010","display_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","issn_l":"2351-9894","issn":["2351-9894"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G234831205","display_name":"Development a Non-Invasive Method for Taiwanese Pangolin (Manis Pentadactyla Pentadactyla) Stress Evaluation in Captivity and Habitat Environment","funder_award_id":"NSTC112-2621-B020-001-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W793072893","https://openalex.org/W1826355875","https://openalex.org/W1956928191","https://openalex.org/W1964978270","https://openalex.org/W1969825765","https://openalex.org/W1972341496","https://openalex.org/W1994053943","https://openalex.org/W2047585125","https://openalex.org/W2059429725","https://openalex.org/W2070927381","https://openalex.org/W2082571287","https://openalex.org/W2093494554","https://openalex.org/W2123180257","https://openalex.org/W2126373196","https://openalex.org/W2126941515","https://openalex.org/W2133789618","https://openalex.org/W2134346950","https://openalex.org/W2147613574","https://openalex.org/W2150974260","https://openalex.org/W2154940864","https://openalex.org/W2161670840","https://openalex.org/W2162003581","https://openalex.org/W2168690694","https://openalex.org/W2178877064","https://openalex.org/W2225519366","https://openalex.org/W2315460544","https://openalex.org/W2317001236","https://openalex.org/W2334413316","https://openalex.org/W2463297572","https://openalex.org/W2523569610","https://openalex.org/W2576187006","https://openalex.org/W2590348073","https://openalex.org/W2755020060","https://openalex.org/W2761047781","https://openalex.org/W2768703870","https://openalex.org/W2769986921","https://openalex.org/W2782359667","https://openalex.org/W2883545233","https://openalex.org/W2914291647","https://openalex.org/W2972756211","https://openalex.org/W2989897004","https://openalex.org/W2990234617","https://openalex.org/W2991459797","https://openalex.org/W3008625581","https://openalex.org/W3026398784","https://openalex.org/W3199454948","https://openalex.org/W3206547704","https://openalex.org/W4206506744","https://openalex.org/W4285027097","https://openalex.org/W4295709258","https://openalex.org/W4361994722","https://openalex.org/W4384347056","https://openalex.org/W4387306138","https://openalex.org/W6727303346","https://openalex.org/W6770515529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523569610","https://openalex.org/W3206547704","https://openalex.org/W4404526147","https://openalex.org/W4387306138","https://openalex.org/W3026398784","https://openalex.org/W3199454948","https://openalex.org/W3178734484","https://openalex.org/W2991459797","https://openalex.org/W2336479581","https://openalex.org/W2040600490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Captive":[0],"breeding":[1,82],"and":[2,12,27,43,74,102,127,132,146,167,240,272,285],"reintroduction":[3,286],"are":[4,153,158,164,200],"crucial":[5],"to":[6,33,66,89,114,116,138,208,231,276],"the":[7,17,63,71,90,160,209,233],"conservation":[8],"of":[9,92,130,195,213,235,252],"endangered":[10],"species":[11],"restoring":[13],"their":[14,189],"populations":[15,257],"in":[16,29,40,46,62,70,80,83,159,185,244,270,274],"wild.":[18,161],"Previous":[19],"research":[20],"has":[21,59],"primarily":[22],"focused":[23],"on":[24,99,105,250],"behavioral":[25],"changes":[26,39],"adaptations":[28],"captive-bred":[30],"animals":[31],"prior":[32,137],"release;":[34],"few":[35],"studies":[36],"have":[37],"examined":[38],"reproductive":[41,238],"traits":[42],"postnatal":[44,134,241],"development":[45],"captivity.":[47],"The":[48,140],"Chinese":[49,107,151,245,265],"pangolin,":[50],"Manis":[51],"pentadactyla,":[52],"is":[53,205],"Critically":[54],"Endangered":[55],"because":[56],"its":[57],"population":[58],"substantially":[60],"declined":[61],"wild":[64,93,106,190,228,256],"due":[65],"poaching":[67],"for":[68,149,281],"sale":[69],"traditional":[72],"medicine":[73],"luxury":[75],"food":[76],"markets.":[77],"Nevertheless,":[78],"success":[79],"captive":[81,100,150,214,253,282],"Taiwan":[84],"may":[85],"provide":[86],"a":[87,110],"pathway":[88],"recovery":[91],"populations.":[94],"This":[95,202,216],"study":[96,142,217],"combined":[97],"records":[98],"individuals":[101,254],"field":[103],"observations":[104,251],"pangolins":[108,152,176,246,266],"over":[109],"period":[111],"from":[112],"1997":[113],"2023":[115],"determine":[117],"(i)":[118],"mating":[119,145],"season,":[120],"(ii)":[121],"birth":[122,147,170],"timing,":[123],"(iii)":[124],"body":[125],"mass":[126],"total":[128],"length":[129],"newborns,":[131],"(iv)":[133],"growth":[135,204,242,273],"patterns":[136],"weaning.":[139],"present":[141],"suggests":[143,218],"that":[144,264],"timings":[148],"not":[154],"seasonal,":[155],"as":[156],"they":[157,199],"Captive-born":[162],"infants":[163],"significantly":[165],"longer":[166],"heavier":[168],"at":[169],"than":[171],"wild-born":[172],"infants.":[173],"Remarkably,":[174],"captive-born":[175],"also":[177,259],"experience":[178],"more":[179,225],"rapid":[180,203],"weight":[181],"gain,":[182],"nearly":[183],"doubling":[184],"size":[186],"compared":[187],"with":[188,227],"counterparts":[191],"by":[192],"25":[193],"weeks":[194],"age,":[196],"even":[197],"before":[198],"weaned.":[201],"likely":[206],"attributable":[207],"high":[210],"nutritional":[211],"content":[212],"diets.":[215],"artificial":[219],"feed":[220],"formulas":[221],"should":[222],"be":[223,248,260],"aligned":[224],"closely":[226],"pangolins\u2019":[229],"diets":[230],"reduce":[232],"risk":[234],"obesity.":[236],"Additionally,":[237],"parameters":[239],"rates":[243],"cannot":[247],"based":[249],"alone;":[255],"must":[258],"considered.":[261],"We":[262],"conclude":[263],"exhibit":[267],"physiological":[268],"flexibility":[269],"reproduction":[271],"response":[275],"environmental":[277],"changes,":[278],"providing":[279],"insights":[280],"pangolin":[283],"management":[284],"programs.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2024-06-27T00:00:00"}
