{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400007384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12905","title":"Does Digital Status Unlawfully Penalise EU Citizens Accessing the UK's Private Rented Sector?","display_name":"Does Digital Status Unlawfully Penalise EU Citizens Accessing the UK's Private Rented Sector?","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400007384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12905"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-2230.12905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82119083","display_name":"Modern Law Review","issn_l":"0026-7961","issn":["0026-7961","1468-2230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Modern Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12905","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020887885","display_name":"Jed Meers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7993-3062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7993-3062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jed Meers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senior Lecturer in Law, University of York. This research was kindly funded by the Research England Policy Support Fund, as allocated by the York Policy Engine, and the Economic and Social Research Council, grant reference number ES/S007385/1. We are grateful to the team at YouGov, and particuarly Patrick English, for their efforts and support on this research. Earlier drafts of this paper were presented at the Public Law Project's 2022 Trends and Forecasts Conference and at a York Law School seminar, where many participants provided helpful comments"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7993-3062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senior Lecturer in Law, University of York. This research was kindly funded by the Research England Policy Support Fund, as allocated by the York Policy Engine, and the Economic and Social Research Council, grant reference number ES/S007385/1. We are grateful to the team at YouGov, and particuarly Patrick English, for their efforts and support on this research. Earlier drafts of this paper were presented at the Public Law Project's 2022 Trends and Forecasts Conference and at a York Law School seminar, where many participants provided helpful comments","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102801784","display_name":"Joe Tomlinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4512-7799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4512-7799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Tomlinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Public Law, University of York"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4512-7799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Public Law, University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019083652","display_name":"Alice Welsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-0466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-0466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Welsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lecturer in Law, University of York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lecturer in Law, University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012189296","display_name":"Charlotte O\u2019Brien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-1144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-1144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlotte O'Brien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor of Law, University of York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor of Law, University of York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":{"value":3240,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3240},"apc_paid":{"value":3240,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3240},"fwci":10.6385,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98124748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.7997999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.7997999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14255","display_name":"European Law and Migration","score":0.11829999834299088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13948","display_name":"Gender and Women's Rights","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union-citizens","display_name":"EU citizens","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-rented-housing","display_name":"private rental housing","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-discrimination","display_name":"housing discrimination","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landlords","display_name":"landlords","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-discrimination","display_name":"non-discrimination","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-treatment","display_name":"equal treatment","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brexit","display_name":"Brexit","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/withdrawal-agreement","display_name":"withdrawal agreement","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-enforcement","display_name":"immigration enforcement","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-identity","display_name":"digital identity","score":0.5099999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6318272352218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993791327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2628882","display_name":"Legal status","level":2,"score":0.4143039882183075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.33261096477508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14289909601211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13914015889167786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07065814733505249}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-2230.12905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82119083","display_name":"Modern Law Review","issn_l":"0026-7961","issn":["0026-7961","1468-2230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Modern Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:211460","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7993-3062>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/211460/8/Modern_Law_Review_-_2024_-_Meers_-_Does_Digital_Status_Unlawfully_Penalise_EU_Citizens_Accessing_the_UK_s_Private_Rented.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:openaire/819060b1-0869-458f-8868-f56e568a6edc","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/819060b1-0869-458f-8868-f56e568a6edc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Meers, J, Tomlinson, J, Welsh, A & O'Brien, C R 2024, 'Does digital status unlawfully penalise EU citizens accessing the UK's private rented sector?', Modern Law Review, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 33-63. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12905","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1468-2230.12905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82119083","display_name":"Modern Law Review","issn_l":"0026-7961","issn":["0026-7961","1468-2230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Modern Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2121063931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/S007385/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336061","display_name":"Research England","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxr8x18"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W3006896684","https://openalex.org/W3168382004","https://openalex.org/W2992542227","https://openalex.org/W4383893997","https://openalex.org/W3130064488","https://openalex.org/W2870844913","https://openalex.org/W2898595302","https://openalex.org/W106773422","https://openalex.org/W4242051042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,80],"the":[1,13,40,85,116,122,152,169],"past":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"more":[5],"than":[6],"six":[7],"million":[8],"EU":[9],"citizens":[10],"living":[11],"in":[12,32,67,136],"UK":[14],"have":[15,26],"transitioned":[16],"to":[17,45,76,121,142,168],"a":[18,78,94,143],"new":[19,29,51,60],"immigration":[20,110],"status.":[21,54],"The":[22,161],"only":[23,134],"evidence":[24],"they":[25],"of":[27,53,65,87,124,145,164,172],"this":[28,50,81,88,130],"status":[30,90,111],"is":[31,37,132],"digital":[33],"form.":[34],"This":[35,55],"group":[36],"now":[38],"navigating":[39],"UK's":[41],"\u2018compliant":[42],"environment\u2019,":[43],"designed":[44],"deter":[46],"unauthorised":[47],"migration,":[48],"with":[49,62,99,108],"form":[52,123],"has":[56],"created":[57],"an":[58],"unpredictable":[59],"dynamic":[61],"serious":[63],"risks":[64],"discrimination":[66,131],"everyday":[68],"interactions,":[69],"such":[70,173],"as":[71],"when":[72],"people":[73,107],"are":[74,112],"trying":[75],"rent":[77],"property.":[79],"article,":[82],"we":[83],"explore":[84],"impact":[86],"digital\u2010only":[89,109],"by":[91],"drawing":[92],"on":[93,115],"large\u2010scale":[95],"discrete":[96],"choice":[97],"experiment":[98],"private":[100,117],"rented":[101],"sector":[102],"landlords,":[103],"which":[104],"shows":[105],"that":[106,129],"substantially":[113],"penalised":[114],"rental":[118],"market":[119],"due":[120],"their":[125],"ID.":[126],"We":[127],"argue":[128],"not":[133],"troubling":[135],"substance":[137],"but":[138],"also":[139],"arguably":[140],"amounts":[141],"breach":[144],"non\u2010discrimination":[146],"and":[147,157],"equal":[148],"treatment":[149],"provisions":[150],"under":[151],"Withdrawal":[153],"Agreement":[154],"(Article":[155],"12":[156],"Article":[158],"23":[159],"respectively).":[160],"apparent":[162],"lack":[163],"effective":[165],"enforcement":[166],"points":[167],"potential":[170],"limits":[171],"protections":[174],"after":[175],"Brexit.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-05T09:50:58.205359","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}