{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399993129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","title":"Complex yet attainable? An interdisciplinary approach to designing better cyber range exercises","display_name":"Complex yet attainable? An interdisciplinary approach to designing better cyber range exercises","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399993129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072285945","display_name":"Magdalena Glas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-7526","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-7526"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena Glas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Regensburg, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 31, Regensburg, 93047, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-7526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Regensburg, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 31, Regensburg, 93047, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029031507","display_name":"Gerhard Messmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3476-4204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3476-4204"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Messmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Regensburg, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 31, Regensburg, 93047, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3476-4204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Regensburg, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 31, Regensburg, 93047, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068820890","display_name":"G\u00fcnther Pernul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1338-9003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1338-9003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","display_name":"University of Regensburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01eezs655","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00fcnther Pernul","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Regensburg, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 31, Regensburg, 93047, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1338-9003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Regensburg, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 31, Regensburg, 93047, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072285945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":2.3872,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89391244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"144","issue":null,"first_page":"103965","last_page":"103965"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity-training","display_name":"cybersecurity training","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incident-response-training","display_name":"incident response training","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity-workforce-shortage","display_name":"cybersecurity workforce shortage","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trainee-engagement","display_name":"trainee engagement","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-acquisition","display_name":"skill acquisition","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7113891839981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5222530961036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.4697190821170807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3410387933254242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3298279643058777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08464127779006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.08380922675132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07867920398712158}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4851237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4851237","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4851237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epub.uni-regensburg.de:58556","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-7526>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401229","display_name":"University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","host_organization_name":"University of Regensburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.5283/epub.58556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.58556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5283/epub.58556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401229","display_name":"University of Regensburg Publication Server (University of Regensburg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60668342","host_organization_name":"University of Regensburg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60668342"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2024.103965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S12529635","display_name":"Computers & Security","issn_l":"0167-4048","issn":["0167-4048","1872-6208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers & Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5279965213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DIK0338/01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331012","funder_display_name":"Bayerische Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft, Landesentwicklung und Energie"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323061","display_name":"Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft, Infrastruktur, Verkehr und Technologie","ror":"https://ror.org/00rspzk45"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331012","display_name":"Bayerische Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft, Landesentwicklung und Energie","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150532277","https://openalex.org/W180472395","https://openalex.org/W1481596489","https://openalex.org/W1482583898","https://openalex.org/W1485776068","https://openalex.org/W1493910332","https://openalex.org/W1545605900","https://openalex.org/W1571420992","https://openalex.org/W1658636927","https://openalex.org/W1684048170","https://openalex.org/W2032359173","https://openalex.org/W2040127838","https://openalex.org/W2047796742","https://openalex.org/W2051413136","https://openalex.org/W2056569531","https://openalex.org/W2078275862","https://openalex.org/W2100254785","https://openalex.org/W2101338329","https://openalex.org/W2111638337","https://openalex.org/W2122517769","https://openalex.org/W2122534729","https://openalex.org/W2178810531","https://openalex.org/W2207376270","https://openalex.org/W2236382637","https://openalex.org/W2289383191","https://openalex.org/W2330567702","https://openalex.org/W2340077410","https://openalex.org/W2463478692","https://openalex.org/W2486553158","https://openalex.org/W2489865376","https://openalex.org/W2496583369","https://openalex.org/W2608447805","https://openalex.org/W2766091935","https://openalex.org/W2766579349","https://openalex.org/W2769533150","https://openalex.org/W2772451914","https://openalex.org/W2797197220","https://openalex.org/W2808082744","https://openalex.org/W2889296203","https://openalex.org/W2914049261","https://openalex.org/W2914184225","https://openalex.org/W2969323593","https://openalex.org/W2971748108","https://openalex.org/W2980131799","https://openalex.org/W2992836310","https://openalex.org/W3096256060","https://openalex.org/W3099156741","https://openalex.org/W3120092047","https://openalex.org/W3153627577","https://openalex.org/W3164824092","https://openalex.org/W3185267637","https://openalex.org/W3196595285","https://openalex.org/W3204819333","https://openalex.org/W4200057415","https://openalex.org/W4231117492","https://openalex.org/W4242883546","https://openalex.org/W4246112489","https://openalex.org/W4293098049","https://openalex.org/W4300963236","https://openalex.org/W4310325478","https://openalex.org/W4327791256","https://openalex.org/W4353004773","https://openalex.org/W4366547585","https://openalex.org/W6637251534","https://openalex.org/W6637358105","https://openalex.org/W6722864503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4327813705","https://openalex.org/W3047863719","https://openalex.org/W4366547585","https://openalex.org/W4400135059","https://openalex.org/W7154076642","https://openalex.org/W6924275879","https://openalex.org/W6997329640","https://openalex.org/W4385232527","https://openalex.org/W4409221587","https://openalex.org/W3207094401"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134],"global":[1],"shortage":[2],"of":[3,44,86,121,136],"cybersecurity":[4,53],"professionals":[5],"poses":[6],"a":[7,83,108,128],"daunting":[8],"challenge":[9],"for":[10,76,110],"organizations":[11],"seeking":[12],"to":[13,37,47,92,151],"protect":[14],"their":[15],"assets":[16],"and":[17,35,74,157],"data.":[18],"To":[19,60,101,117],"counteract":[20],"this":[21,62,79,122,137],"workforce":[22],"shortage,":[23],"cyber":[24],"range":[25],"exercises":[26],"(CRXs)":[27],"can":[28],"equip":[29],"individuals":[30],"with":[31,50,131],"the":[32,42,103,119,141],"necessary":[33],"knowledge":[34,156],"skills":[36],"become":[38],"security":[39],"professionals.":[40],"However,":[41],"complexity":[43],"CRXs":[45],"tends":[46],"overwhelm":[48],"trainees":[49],"little":[51],"prior":[52],"experience,":[54],"resulting":[55],"in":[56,96],"ineffective":[57],"learning":[58,73,146],"experiences.":[59],"address":[61],"issue,":[63],"we":[64,81,106,126],"take":[65],"an":[66,144],"interdisciplinary":[67],"approach,":[68],"leveraging":[69],"established":[70],"models":[71],"on":[72],"motivation":[75],"cybersecurity.":[77],"In":[78],"pursuit,":[80],"propose":[82],"literature-based":[84],"framework":[85],"six":[87],"design":[88,142],"principles":[89],"that":[90,140,148],"aim":[91],"facilitate":[93],"CRX":[94,109,124],"designers":[95],"creating":[97],"more":[98],"effective":[99],"CRXs.":[100],"illustrate":[102],"framework's":[104],"utility,":[105],"introduce":[107],"incident":[111,154],"response":[112,155],"built":[113],"upon":[114],"these":[115],"principles.":[116],"evaluate":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"principle-driven":[123],"design,":[125],"conducted":[127],"user":[129],"study":[130,138],"$N=89$":[132],"participants.":[133],"results":[135],"showed":[139],"provided":[143],"engaging":[145],"experience":[147],"enabled":[149],"participants":[150],"effectively":[152],"acquire":[153],"skills.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-06-26T00:00:00"}