{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399798957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115","title":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399798957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115","pdf_url":"https://journals.ku.edu.kw/jss/index.php/jss/article/download/2115/1371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651745","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"0253-1097","issn":["0253-1097","3006-2977"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","host_organization_name":"Kuwait University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.ku.edu.kw/jss/index.php/jss/article/download/2115/1371","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091535714","display_name":"\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013992046","display_name":"\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099242896","display_name":"\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14432","display_name":"Freedom of Expression and Defamation","score":0.09399999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"News Media Framing and Political Communication","score":0.02669999934732914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/press-freedom","display_name":"freedom of the press","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/journalists","display_name":"journalists","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jordan","display_name":"Jordan","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-legislation","display_name":"media legislation","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-experience","display_name":"media experience","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29324257373809814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115","pdf_url":"https://journals.ku.edu.kw/jss/index.php/jss/article/download/2115/1371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651745","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"0253-1097","issn":["0253-1097","3006-2977"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","host_organization_name":"Kuwait University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jss.v42i3.2115","pdf_url":"https://journals.ku.edu.kw/jss/index.php/jss/article/download/2115/1371","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220651745","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629","issn_l":"0253-1097","issn":["0253-1097","3006-2977"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","host_organization_name":"Kuwait University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399798957.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399798957.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6922766271","https://openalex.org/W6903886472","https://openalex.org/W4285356395","https://openalex.org/W4396659879","https://openalex.org/W7167410392","https://openalex.org/W4414885585","https://openalex.org/W4392181299","https://openalex.org/W4410064923","https://openalex.org/W4392148498","https://openalex.org/W3015032565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a":[0],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[2,41,78,108,142],"\u0625\u0644\u0649":[3],"\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641":[4],"\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639":[5],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a":[6,83],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629":[7,84],"\u0641\u064a":[8,82,85,126,156],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646":[9,86],"\u061b":[10,42],"\u062d\u064a\u062b":[11],"\u062a\u0645":[12],"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631":[13],"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629":[14,107],"\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[15],"\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c":[16],"\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a":[17],"\u0645\u0646":[18,117,134],"(265)":[19],"\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b":[20],"\u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c":[21],"\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a":[22],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629":[23],"\u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629":[24],"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629":[25],"\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639":[26],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c":[27],"\u0648\u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a":[28],"\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645":[29],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c":[30],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a":[31],"(spss)\u060c":[32],"\u0648\u0642\u062f":[33],"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628":[35],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629":[37],"\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629":[38],"\u0639\u0646":[39,79],"\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629":[40],"\u0648\u0647\u064a":[43],":":[44],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621":[45],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a":[46],"\u060c":[47,120],"\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631":[48,61,69],"\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e":[49],"\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627":[50],"(":[51,63],"Cormobach's":[52],"Alpha)":[53],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[54],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645":[55],"\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633":[56],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642":[57],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629":[58],"\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629":[59],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647\u060c":[60],"(\u062a)":[62],"t.Test":[64],"paired-sample)":[65],"\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a":[67],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c":[68],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644":[70],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646":[71],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a":[72],"(One":[73],"way":[74],"Anova)":[75],".":[76,140],"\u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a":[77],"\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f":[80,144],"\u0636\u0639\u0641":[81],"\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629":[87],"\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629":[88],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a":[89],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a":[90],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[91,132],"\u0637\u0631\u0623\u062a":[92],"\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644":[93],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629":[95],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[96],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646":[97],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c":[99],"\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[101],"\u0623\u0646":[102],"\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628":[103],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646":[104],"-":[105,109],"\u0636\u0645\u0646":[106],"\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646":[110],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629":[111],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629":[112],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649":[113],"\u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645":[114],"\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629":[115],"\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[116],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a":[118],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629":[119],"\u0648\u0623\u0646":[121],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a":[122],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a":[123],"\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a":[124],"\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635":[125],"\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c":[127],"\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631":[128],"\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647":[129],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a":[130],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629":[131],"\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647":[133],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645":[135],"\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647":[136],"\u0628\u0643\u0644":[137],"\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629":[138],"\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631":[139],"\u0648\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a":[141],"\u0639\u062f\u0645":[143],"\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642":[145],"\u0630\u0627\u062a":[146],"\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629":[147],"\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[148],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[149],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646":[150],"\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b":[151],"\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a":[152],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c":[153],"\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a":[154],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629":[155],"\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644":[157],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645":[158],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2024-06-20T00:00:00"}
