{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399392012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61827","title":"The Impact of Education Level on Basal Cell Carcinoma Development Risk","display_name":"The Impact of Education Level on Basal Cell Carcinoma Development Risk","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399392012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61827","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38975452","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11227478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.61827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61827","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/256511-the-impact-of-education-level-on-basal-cell-carcinoma-development-risk.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4399392012"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/256511-the-impact-of-education-level-on-basal-cell-carcinoma-development-risk.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025469363","display_name":"Tamari Darjania","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","display_name":"Tbilisi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fd1hd85","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tamari Darjania","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GEO","Department of Dermatology, Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO",". Department of Dermatology,","Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GEO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Dermatology,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006505532","display_name":"Tina Kituashvili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-9406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-9406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","display_name":"Tbilisi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fd1hd85","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tina Kituashvili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GEO","Department of Dermatology, Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO",". Department of Dermatology,","Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GEO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Dermatology,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077572165","display_name":"George Galdava","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","display_name":"Tbilisi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fd1hd85","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Galdava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO",". Department of Dermatology,",". Department of Dermatology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GEO","Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Dermatology,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Department of Dermatology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GEO","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific/Research National Center of Dermatology and Venereology \"Kanveni\", Tbilisi, GEO","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025469363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7216,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65465705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"e61827","last_page":"e61827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11306","display_name":"Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11306","display_name":"Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"basal cell carcinoma","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer-risk-factors","display_name":"skin cancer risk factors","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uv-exposure","display_name":"UV exposure","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitzpatrick-skin-type","display_name":"Fitzpatrick skin type","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solarium-use","display_name":"solarium use","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunburn","display_name":"sunburn","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer-awareness","display_name":"skin cancer awareness","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nodular-basal-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"nodular basal cell carcinoma","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-cancer-prevention","display_name":"skin cancer prevention","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-exposed-skin-lesions","display_name":"sun-exposed skin lesions","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-risk-factors","display_name":"genetic risk factors","score":0.45399999618530273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778804307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q809758","display_name":"Basal cell carcinoma","level":3,"score":0.6095663905143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.33452320098876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2835473418235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2812199592590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019992690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92767510","display_name":"Basal cell","level":2,"score":0.2808268666267395}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.61827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61827","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/256511-the-impact-of-education-level-on-basal-cell-carcinoma-development-risk.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11227478","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11227478","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11227478/pdf/cureus-0016-00000061827.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38975452","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38975452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.61827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61827","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/256511-the-impact-of-education-level-on-basal-cell-carcinoma-development-risk.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399392012.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399392012.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W198205004","https://openalex.org/W1481633419","https://openalex.org/W1529230314","https://openalex.org/W1977923680","https://openalex.org/W1999432446","https://openalex.org/W2025479517","https://openalex.org/W2048730730","https://openalex.org/W2051671084","https://openalex.org/W2077695505","https://openalex.org/W2080444204","https://openalex.org/W2133094253","https://openalex.org/W2137533919","https://openalex.org/W2189384347","https://openalex.org/W2401783539","https://openalex.org/W2585359117","https://openalex.org/W2892217097","https://openalex.org/W2918326850","https://openalex.org/W3027642447","https://openalex.org/W3046102635","https://openalex.org/W3187627741"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7204265459","https://openalex.org/W7216953557","https://openalex.org/W4401613999","https://openalex.org/W2726669800","https://openalex.org/W1541474774","https://openalex.org/W2997855754","https://openalex.org/W2066418919","https://openalex.org/W2076352237","https://openalex.org/W2163820832","https://openalex.org/W1601137323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Basal":[1],"cell":[2],"carcinoma":[3],"(BCC)":[4],"stands":[5],"as":[6,173,207,209,360],"the":[7,36,70,109,117,132,169,234,262,275,380,407,441,445,448],"most":[8,37,263],"common":[9,264],"skin":[10,64,90,139,197,365,369,390,401],"malignancy,":[11],"with":[12,102,121,248,278,305,340],"its":[13],"high":[14],"incidence":[15,446],"rate":[16],"and":[17,31,61,88,94,116,131,136,163,184,204,221,282,313,351,372,392,414,437],"associated":[18,101,120],"costs":[19],"rising":[20],"annually.":[21],"The":[22,106,175,225,256,270,301],"origin":[23],"of":[24,63,72,75,108,138,155,202,211,233,252,259,272,303,357,364,389,400,406,412,447],"BCC":[25,56,103,130,166,213,260,338],"is":[26,41,396,429],"related":[27],"to":[28,43,55,112,223,254,322,379,431,443],"environmental,":[29],"genetic,":[30],"phenotypic":[32],"factors.":[33,142],"Among":[34,158],"these,":[35],"important":[38],"risk":[39,66,78,118,141,387,398,418,424],"factor":[40,399,425],"exposure":[42],"UV":[44,82,205],"light":[45],"triggering":[46],"keratinocyte":[47],"carcinogenesis,":[48],"causing":[49],"cumulative":[50],"cellular":[51],"damage":[52],"that":[53,383,394],"leads":[54],"development.":[57],"Individuals'":[58],"educational":[59],"background":[60],"awareness":[62,137,210,347,416,433],"cancer":[65,140],"factors":[67,79,119,189,350,385,388,419],"may":[68,99],"influence":[69],"development":[71],"BCC.":[73,427],"Lack":[74],"knowledge":[76,382,393],"about":[77,417,434],"(like":[80],"chronic":[81,352],"exposure,":[83],"sunburn,":[84],"artificial":[85],"solar":[86,353],"beds,":[87],"fair":[89],"color),":[91],"prevention":[92],"methods,":[93],"jobs":[95],"involving":[96,152],"outdoor":[97,199,376],"activities":[98],"be":[100,422],"formation.":[104],"AIM:":[105],"aim":[107],"study":[110,149,276],"was":[111,150,261,288,315],"analyze":[113],"recent":[114],"trends":[115],"BCC,":[122],"while":[123,168],"also":[124,421],"revealing":[125],"any":[126],"potential":[127,212,435],"link":[128],"between":[129],"patient's":[133],"education":[134,194,307,342,413],"level":[135,411],"DESIGN":[143],"AND":[144],"METHODS:":[145],"A":[146,409],"hospital-based":[147],"case-control":[148],"conducted,":[151],"a":[153,249,361,397,423],"total":[154],"141":[156],"individuals.":[157],"them,":[159],"47":[160],"were":[161,215,240],"clinically":[162],"histologically":[164],"confirmed":[165],"patients,":[167],"remaining":[170],"participants":[171],"served":[172],"controls.":[174],"control":[176],"group":[177,277],"comprised":[178],"94":[179],"individuals":[180],"matched":[181],"for":[182,426],"age":[183],"gender.":[185],"Data":[186],"on":[187],"various":[188],"including":[190],"gender,":[191],"age,":[192],"residency,":[193],"level,":[195],"Fitzpatrick":[196,279,368],"type,":[198],"activities,":[200],"use":[201],"solariums,":[203],"therapy,":[206],"well":[208],"triggers,":[214],"collected":[216,226],"using":[217],"an":[218],"adapted":[219],"questionnaire":[220],"subjected":[222],"analysis.":[224],"data":[227],"underwent":[228],"statistical":[229],"evaluation.":[230],"RESULTS:":[231],"Most":[232],"BCCs":[235],"(n":[236,266,284,294,324],"=":[237,267,285,295,299,325,330,335],"52;":[238],"71.2%)":[239],"located":[241],"in":[242,274,292,375],"sun-exposed":[243],"areas":[244],"(p":[245,334],"<":[246],"0.001),":[247],"female/male":[250],"ratio":[251],"1.35":[253],"1.":[255],"nodular":[257],"type":[258],"form":[265],"49;":[268],"67.2%).":[269],"percentage":[271,302],"patients":[273,339],"phototypes":[280],"I":[281,371],"II":[283],"38;":[286],"80.9%)":[287],"significantly":[289,316,345],"higher":[290,306],"than":[291],"controls":[293,323],"50;":[296],"53.2%,":[297],"p":[298],"0.002).":[300],"persons":[304],"levels":[308,343],"(bachelor's":[309],"degree,":[310,312],"master's":[311],"post-diploma)":[314],"less":[317],"prevalent":[318],"among":[319],"cases":[320],"compared":[321],"20":[326],"(42.6%)":[327],"vs.":[328],"n":[329],"58":[331],"(61.7%),":[332],"respectively":[333],"0.033)).":[336],"Notably,":[337],"low":[341],"exhibited":[344],"lesser":[346],"concerning":[348],"genetic":[349,384],"radiation.":[354],"Conclusions:":[355],"Coexistence":[356],"factors,":[358],"such":[359],"medical":[362],"history":[363],"cancer,":[366,391,402],"having":[367],"types":[370],"II,":[373],"engaging":[374],"work":[377],"exposed":[378],"sun,":[381],"are":[386,403],"stress":[395],"significant":[404],"predictors":[405],"disease.":[408,449],"lower":[410],"limited":[415],"can":[420],"It":[428],"essential":[430],"raise":[432],"triggers":[436],"preventive":[438],"measures":[439],"within":[440],"population":[442],"reduce":[444]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-06-07T00:00:00"}