{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399367452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","title":"Antiviral Activity of Probiotics in the Prophylaxis and Therapy of Respiratory Infections Associated with Coronavirus (COVID-19): Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","display_name":"Antiviral Activity of Probiotics in the Prophylaxis and Therapy of Respiratory Infections Associated with Coronavirus (COVID-19): Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399367452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099025989","display_name":"Slimane Chawki Mokadem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-0252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-0252"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127484","display_name":"Centre Universitaire Nour Bachir El Bayadh","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcqw949","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127484"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slimane Chawki Mokadem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University centre Nour Bachir of El-Bayadh, 32000 El-Bayadh, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-0252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University centre Nour Bachir of El-Bayadh, 32000 El-Bayadh, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127484"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099025990","display_name":"Mostefa Naimi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125514","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Djilali de Sidi Bel Abb\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/0378szg41","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125514"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostefa Naimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Djillali Liabes University, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, Department of Biology, PO Box 89, Sidi bel-Abbes (22000), Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Djillali Liabes University, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, Department of Biology, PO Box 89, Sidi bel-Abbes (22000), Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125514"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023107529","display_name":"Omar Alami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1454-8169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1454-8169"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127484","display_name":"Centre Universitaire Nour Bachir El Bayadh","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcqw949","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127484"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Alami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University centre Nour Bachir of El-Bayadh, 32000 El-Bayadh, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, University centre Nour Bachir of El-Bayadh, 32000 El-Bayadh, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127484"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-tract-infections","display_name":"respiratory infections","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-activity","display_name":"antiviral activity","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphocyte-count","display_name":"lymphocyte count","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albumin","display_name":"albumin","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactate-dehydrogenase","display_name":"lactate dehydrogenase","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein-albumin-ratio","display_name":"C-reactive protein to albumin ratio","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.750644862651825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.6945432424545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.6877962946891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6437051296234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6129698157310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.5730482935905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.5444707274436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5316126346588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16532287","display_name":"Betacoronavirus","level":5,"score":0.5027186870574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.47790607810020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.4592890441417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3827599585056305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.37419265508651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.26317423582077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.12796589732170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.08951085805892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0744466483592987}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4517515/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990581716","https://openalex.org/W1994904657","https://openalex.org/W2047262491","https://openalex.org/W2054126424","https://openalex.org/W2059592158","https://openalex.org/W2116446898","https://openalex.org/W2117200377","https://openalex.org/W2129203060","https://openalex.org/W2297832921","https://openalex.org/W2410893489","https://openalex.org/W2484101570","https://openalex.org/W2627092521","https://openalex.org/W2794600219","https://openalex.org/W2950674650","https://openalex.org/W3002108456","https://openalex.org/W3016263512","https://openalex.org/W3020583393","https://openalex.org/W3030475429","https://openalex.org/W3041884007","https://openalex.org/W3083698297","https://openalex.org/W3095844406","https://openalex.org/W3109416527","https://openalex.org/W3112188529","https://openalex.org/W3118532779","https://openalex.org/W3119713211","https://openalex.org/W3125438608","https://openalex.org/W3127442224","https://openalex.org/W3128288966","https://openalex.org/W3128362017","https://openalex.org/W3133277826","https://openalex.org/W3133522886","https://openalex.org/W3140709557","https://openalex.org/W3155402125","https://openalex.org/W3162633183","https://openalex.org/W3165134411","https://openalex.org/W3186835643","https://openalex.org/W3198229951","https://openalex.org/W3209085880","https://openalex.org/W4210498721","https://openalex.org/W4211009155","https://openalex.org/W4220659788","https://openalex.org/W4255909721","https://openalex.org/W6684453849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6976640564","https://openalex.org/W7118290908","https://openalex.org/W4387732906","https://openalex.org/W4387998470","https://openalex.org/W4298087260","https://openalex.org/W4377294406","https://openalex.org/W4323352392","https://openalex.org/W3133522886","https://openalex.org/W4386035612","https://openalex.org/W7114943890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Introduction:":[1],"Probiotics,":[2],"living":[3],"microorganisms":[4],"administered":[5],"in":[6],"sufficient":[7],"quantities,":[8],"exert":[9],"beneficial":[10],"effects":[11,115,235],"on":[12,29,116,238],"host":[13],"health.":[14],"Given":[15],"the":[16,75],"high":[17],"prevalence":[18],"of":[19,27,66,92,108,236],"SARS-CoV-2,":[20],"recent":[21],"studies":[22,56],"suggest":[23],"potential":[24],"positive":[25,234],"impacts":[26],"probiotics":[28,237],"COVID-19":[30,242],"patients.":[31],"Methods":[32],"A":[33],"predetermined":[34],"search":[35],"strategy":[36],"encompassing":[37],"seven":[38],"databases:":[39],"NCBI,":[40],"PubMed,":[41],"Science":[42],"Direct,":[43],"Springer":[44],"Link,":[45],"Embase,":[46],"CNKI,":[47],"and":[48,64,69,95,100,213],"Cochrane":[49],"Library":[50],"Databases,":[51],"was":[52],"implemented.":[53],"Human":[54],"RCTs":[55],"were":[57,78,98,111],"scrutinized":[58],"independently,":[59],"involving":[60],"data":[61],"extraction,":[62],"quality":[63],"risk":[65],"bias":[67],"assessment,":[68],"statistical":[70],"analysis.":[71],"Pooled":[72],"data,":[73],"employing":[74],"random-effects":[76],"model,":[77],"expressed":[79],"as":[80],"Standardized":[81],"Mean":[82],"Differences":[83],"(SMD)":[84],"with":[85],"a":[86],"95%":[87,124,140,156,172,187,202,218],"Confidence":[88],"Interval":[89],"(CI).":[90],"Assessments":[91],"(p)":[93],"value":[94],"heterogeneity":[96],"(I\u00b2)":[97],"conducted":[99],"quantified.":[101],"Results":[102],"Five":[103],"studies,":[104],"comprising":[105],"282":[106],"out":[107],"375":[109],"participants,":[110],"included.":[112],"Meta-analysis":[113],"revealed":[114],"various":[117,239],"parameters:":[118],"CRP":[119],"(SMD":[120,136,152,168,184,199,215],"=":[121,129,133,137,145,149,153,161,165,169,177,181,185,192,196,200,207,211,216,223,227],"0.26":[122],"MG/L,":[123],"CI":[125,141,157,173,188,203,219],"[0.10,":[126],"0.43],":[127],"p":[128,132,144,148,160,164,176,180,191,195,206,210,222,226],"0.002,":[130],"(I\u00b2=67%,":[131,147],"0.03)),":[134],"BMI":[135],"0.28":[138,170],"KG/m\u00b2,":[139],"[0.07,":[142],"0.50],":[143],"0.01,":[146],"0.40)),":[150],"T-cells":[151],"0.09":[154],"G/L,":[155],"[-0.07,":[158],"0.26],":[159],"0.26,":[162],"(I\u00b2=0%,":[163],"0.73)),":[166],"Albumin":[167],"G/DL,":[171],"[0.04,":[174],"0.52],":[175],"0.02,":[178],"(I\u00b2=7%,":[179],"0.34)),":[182],"IL-6":[183],"0.67,":[186],"[0.45,":[189],"0.90],":[190],"0.00001,":[193],"(I\u00b2=94%,":[194],"0.0001)),":[197],"LDH":[198],"0.12mmol/L,":[201],"[-0.05,":[204],"0.30],":[205],"0.17,":[208],"(I\u00b2=55%,":[209],"0.13)),":[212],"Ferritin":[214],"0.19mmol/L,":[217],"[-0.27,":[220],"0.66],":[221],"0.41,":[224],"(I\u00b2=77%,":[225],"0.04)).":[228],"Conclusion":[229],"This":[230],"meta-analysis":[231],"suggests":[232],"significant":[233],"measures":[240],"for":[241],"treatment.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2024-06-06T00:00:00"}