{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399170247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","title":"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641","display_name":"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399170247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404661697","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642.","issn_l":"1029-6069","issn":["1029-6069","2960-2742"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","host_organization_name":"Kuwait University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098944176","display_name":"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5098944176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14457","display_name":"Intellectual Property Rights and Media","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11769","display_name":"Copyright and Intellectual Property","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/related-rights","display_name":"related rights","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copyright","display_name":"copyright","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performers-rights","display_name":"performers' rights","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonogram-producers","display_name":"phonogram producers","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-copyright-treaties","display_name":"international copyright treaties","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-copyright-law","display_name":"national copyright law","score":0.7540000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2874290347099304}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404661697","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642.","issn_l":"1029-6069","issn":["1029-6069","2960-2742"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","host_organization_name":"Kuwait University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.34120/jol.v22i2.1061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4404661697","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642.","issn_l":"1029-6069","issn":["1029-6069","2960-2742"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36721946","host_organization_name":"Kuwait University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36721946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411914708","https://openalex.org/W7134312256","https://openalex.org/W3123479688","https://openalex.org/W3114566642","https://openalex.org/W4411833716","https://openalex.org/W7007266551","https://openalex.org/W7165078460","https://openalex.org/W4376058269","https://openalex.org/W7038288251","https://openalex.org/W4403068200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644":[0],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[1,69],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[2,43,107],"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[3,31,45,93],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[4,27,32,47,70,118],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629":[5,28,33,48,119],"(":[6],"\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648":[7],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621":[8],"\u0640":[9,14],"\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648":[10],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a":[11],"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629":[12],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629":[13],"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a":[15],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629":[16],")":[17],"\u060c":[18,24,29,37,59,87,101,122,131],"\u0645\u0646":[19],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[20],"\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f":[21],"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645":[22],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631":[23],"\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f":[25],"\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628":[26,46],"\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629":[30],"\u0641\u064a":[34,64,76,80],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646":[35],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629":[36],"\u0648\u0641\u064a":[38],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a":[39],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[40],".":[41,105,143],"\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632":[42],"\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629":[44],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[49],"\u0644\u0645":[50,72],"\u062a\u0643\u0646":[51],"\u062a\u062d\u0638":[52],"\u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645":[53],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646":[54],"\u0643\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645":[55],"\u0628\u062d\u0642":[56],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641":[57,121],"\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647":[58],"\u0625\u0644\u0627":[60],"\u0623\u0646":[61,141],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631":[62],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638":[63],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627":[65],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629":[66],"\u0642\u062f":[67],"\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632":[68,79],"\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644":[71],"\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642":[73],"\u0644\u0647":[74],"\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644":[75],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a":[77],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[78,123],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a":[81],"\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647":[82],"\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644":[83],"\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629":[84],"\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621":[85],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627":[86],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631":[88],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[89],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649":[90],"\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629":[91],"\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631":[92],"\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0646":[94],"\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a":[95],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629":[96],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629":[97],"\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a":[99],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a":[100],"\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a":[102],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b":[103],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a":[104],"\u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639":[106],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[108,111,126],"\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631":[109],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f":[110],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649":[112],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a":[113],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a":[114],"\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636":[115],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[116],"\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628":[117],"\u0644\u062d\u0642":[120],"\u0647\u064a":[124],"\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629":[125],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646":[127],"\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[128],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642":[129],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631":[130],"\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627":[132],"\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627":[133],"\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[134],"\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[135],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646":[136],"\u0644\u0627":[137],"\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639":[138],"\u0623\u0645\u0629":[139],"\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629":[140],"\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2024-05-31T00:00:00"}