{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399119232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","title":"Fitting Monte Carlo simulation results with an empirical model of megavoltage x-ray beams for rapid depth dose calculations in water","display_name":"Fitting Monte Carlo simulation results with an empirical model of megavoltage x-ray beams for rapid depth dose calculations in water","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399119232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38810634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Allison O\u2019Brien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5844-8151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5844-8151"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison O\u2019Brien","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Berkeley, Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5844-8151","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Berkeley, Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043992375","display_name":"Rebecca J. Abergel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-8761","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-8761"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca J Abergel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America","University of California Berkeley, Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-8761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Berkeley, Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043992375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":{"value":3165,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3165},"apc_paid":{"value":3165,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06359906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"12","first_page":"12NT02","last_page":"12NT02"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megavoltage-x-ray-beams","display_name":"megavoltage x-ray beams","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-dose-curves","display_name":"depth dose curves","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-simulation-acceleration","display_name":"Monte Carlo simulation acceleration","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percentage-depth-dose","display_name":"percentage depth dose","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiotherapy-treatment-planning","display_name":"radiotherapy treatment planning","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geant4","display_name":"Geant4","score":0.6959999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.8295787572860718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34777","display_name":"X-ray","level":2,"score":0.447395920753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4398535490036011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39170247316360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.32464930415153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3036491274833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13270607590675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.05415993928909302}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010315","descriptor_name":"Particle Accelerators","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011829","descriptor_name":"Radiation Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011874","descriptor_name":"Radiometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011879","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Dosage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011880","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38810634","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38810634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in medicine and biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad51c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine & Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1740888433","https://openalex.org/W1984999123","https://openalex.org/W1990869665","https://openalex.org/W2000365144","https://openalex.org/W2008674298","https://openalex.org/W2028471339","https://openalex.org/W2028758907","https://openalex.org/W2031826971","https://openalex.org/W2042959881","https://openalex.org/W2046966273","https://openalex.org/W2063023042","https://openalex.org/W2068292615","https://openalex.org/W2076619445","https://openalex.org/W2085132253","https://openalex.org/W2098415888","https://openalex.org/W2128050385","https://openalex.org/W2128158076","https://openalex.org/W2128881154","https://openalex.org/W3022257328","https://openalex.org/W3084124630","https://openalex.org/W3209109001","https://openalex.org/W4206818795","https://openalex.org/W4300773200","https://openalex.org/W4321429556"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2197708715","https://openalex.org/W3164262963","https://openalex.org/W2260723170","https://openalex.org/W2044352481","https://openalex.org/W2033167585","https://openalex.org/W2603852520","https://openalex.org/W2409784681","https://openalex.org/W656508862","https://openalex.org/W1988127299","https://openalex.org/W2461251775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Objective.":[1],"The":[2,62,204],"purpose":[3],"of":[4,12,38,59,183,217,238,249],"this":[5,87],"study":[6,233],"was":[7,108,120,172,175],"to":[8,29,70,82,110,122,155,162,177,228,241,254],"assess":[9],"a":[10,39,98,117,214,247],"method":[11],"accelerating":[13],"Monte":[14,243,300],"Carlo":[15,244],"simulations":[16,37,129,245],"for":[17,86,128,168,246],"modeling":[18,88],"depth":[19,65,138],"dose":[20,66,139,284],"distributions":[21],"from":[22,73,95,225,251],"megavoltage":[23],"x-ray":[24],"beams":[25],"by":[26,281,292],"fitting":[27],"them":[28],"an":[30,51,91],"empirically-derived":[31],"function.":[32,185],"Approach.":[33],"Using":[34],"Geant4,":[35],"multiple":[36],"typical":[40],"medical":[41],"linear":[42,75,100,118,205],"accelerator":[43,76,101],"beam":[44],"in":[45,48,148,196,262,299],"water":[46,49],"and":[47,105,269],"with":[50,56,130,141,179,213],"air":[52,192],"cavity":[53,193],"were":[54,68,80],"conducted":[55],"varying":[57],"numbers":[58],"initial":[60,132],"electrons.":[61,133],"resulting":[63],"percent":[64],"curves":[67,140],"compared":[69,161],"published":[71,163],"data":[72],"actual":[74],"measurements.":[77],"Two":[78],"methods":[79,158,276],"employed":[81],"reduce":[83],"computation":[84,152,223],"time":[85,224,268,296],"process.":[89],"First,":[90],"empirical":[92,125,143,188,239],"function":[93,144,189],"derived":[94],"measurements":[96],"at":[97,201],"particular":[99],"energy,":[102],"source-to-surface":[103],"distance,":[104],"field":[106],"size":[107],"used":[109],"directly":[111],"fit":[112,182],"the":[113,124,142,156,165,169,180,184,187,191,202,210,221,235,289,294],"simulated":[114,137],"data.":[115],"Second,":[116],"regression":[119,206],"performed":[121],"predict":[123],"function\u2019s":[126],"parameters":[127],"more":[131,286],"Main":[134],"results.":[135],"Fitting":[136,186],"yielded":[145],"significant":[146],"improvements":[147],"either":[149],"accuracy":[150,270],"or":[151,291],"time,":[153],"corresponding":[154],"two":[157],"described.":[159],"When":[160],"measurements,":[164],"maximum":[166,215],"error":[167,216],"largest":[170],"simulation":[171,212],"5.58%,":[173],"which":[174],"reduced":[176],"2.01%":[178],"best":[181],"around":[190],"heterogeneity":[194],"resulted":[195],"errors":[197],"less":[198],"than":[199],"2.5%":[200],"interfaces.":[203],"prediction":[207],"modestly":[208],"improved":[209],"same":[211],"4.22%,":[218],"while":[219],"reducing":[220],"required":[222],"66.53":[226],"h":[227],"43.75":[229],"h.":[230],"Significance.":[231],"This":[232],"demonstrates":[234],"effective":[236],"use":[237],"functions":[240],"expedite":[242],"range":[248],"applications":[250],"radiation":[252,263],"protection":[253],"food":[255],"sterilization.":[256],"These":[257],"results":[258],"are":[259,271],"particularly":[260],"impactful":[261],"therapy":[264],"treatment":[265,298,302],"planning,":[266],"where":[267],"especially":[272],"valuable.":[273],"Employing":[274],"these":[275],"may":[277],"improve":[278],"patient":[279],"outcomes":[280],"ensuring":[282],"that":[283],"delivery":[285],"accurately":[287],"matches":[288],"prescription":[290],"shortening":[293],"preparation":[295],"before":[297],"Carlo-based":[301],"planning":[303],"systems.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2024-05-30T00:00:00"}