{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398239003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","title":"Tri-phase flame retardant system towards advanced energy-saving building materials with highly efficient fire and smoke toxicity reductions","display_name":"Tri-phase flame retardant system towards advanced energy-saving building materials with highly efficient fire and smoke toxicity reductions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398239003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29980478","display_name":"Construction and Building Materials","issn_l":"0950-0618","issn":["0950-0618","1879-0526"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Construction and Building Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015541682","display_name":"Yao Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3634-6180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3634-6180"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271792","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province","ror":"https://ror.org/032627t09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yao Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology,\u00a0Xiamen 361024,\u00a0PR China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology,\u00a0Xiamen 361024,\u00a0PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271792","https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031728975","display_name":"Lulu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-4680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-4680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales,\u00a0Sydney,\u00a0NSW 2052,\u00a0Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales,\u00a0Sydney,\u00a0NSW 2052,\u00a0Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391671","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-6314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-6314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales,\u00a0Sydney,\u00a0NSW 2052,\u00a0Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-6314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales,\u00a0Sydney,\u00a0NSW 2052,\u00a0Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015541682","https://openalex.org/A5100391671"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I4405271792","https://openalex.org/I75867142"],"apc_list":{"value":4080,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4080},"apc_paid":{"value":4080,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4080},"fwci":4.945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97006772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"433","issue":null,"first_page":"136719","last_page":"136719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11360","display_name":"Flame retardant materials and properties","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11360","display_name":"Flame retardant materials and properties","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11317","display_name":"Fire dynamics and safety research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12358","display_name":"Thermal and Kinetic Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rigid-polyurethane-foam","display_name":"rigid polyurethane foam","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-retardancy","display_name":"flame retardancy","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mannich-reaction","display_name":"Mannich reaction","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expandable-graphite","display_name":"expandable graphite","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-efficient-building-materials","display_name":"energy-efficient building materials","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalytic-charring","display_name":"catalytic charring","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monoxide-release","display_name":"carbon monoxide release","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-heat-release-rate","display_name":"peak heat release rate","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties","display_name":"mechanical properties","score":0.5410000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205474432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1354051","display_name":"Fire retardant","level":2,"score":0.9037586450576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58874564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130768","display_name":"Smoke","level":2,"score":0.7828012704849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779578285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146322","display_name":"Polyurethane","level":2,"score":0.741549551486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7002538442611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92880739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2639556","display_name":"Nanocomposite","level":2,"score":0.533490002155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.5012166500091553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59061564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783071","display_name":"Thermal stability","level":2,"score":0.48815661668777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989191132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997557","display_name":"Fire safety","level":2,"score":0.46527573466300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.46228766441345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158550234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910035","display_name":"Flammability","level":2,"score":0.44773030281066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42985960841178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.30665114521980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1498917043209076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14939886331558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06361669301986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29980478","display_name":"Construction and Building Materials","issn_l":"0950-0618","issn":["0950-0618","1879-0526"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Construction and Building Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29980478","display_name":"Construction and Building Materials","issn_l":"0950-0618","issn":["0950-0618","1879-0526"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Construction and Building Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1503559820","display_name":"Multifunctional Biomass Coatings for Electrostatic Induced Fire Hazards","funder_award_id":"DE230100180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4259431060","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22305202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6335480343","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f02\u6c30\u8132\u9178\u916f\u73af/\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u9530\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c42\u534f\u540c\u963b\u71c3\u786c\u8d28\u805a\u6c28\u916f\u6ce1\u6cab\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"2021J05266","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307239","display_name":"Discovery Eye Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00p7ds424"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1139314269","https://openalex.org/W1638250934","https://openalex.org/W1974456794","https://openalex.org/W1975192769","https://openalex.org/W1976163975","https://openalex.org/W1983078234","https://openalex.org/W1990274046","https://openalex.org/W1999946995","https://openalex.org/W2003230451","https://openalex.org/W2052728506","https://openalex.org/W2155399446","https://openalex.org/W2164835616","https://openalex.org/W2288874287","https://openalex.org/W2302327989","https://openalex.org/W2339030537","https://openalex.org/W2381761333","https://openalex.org/W2520134670","https://openalex.org/W2525726597","https://openalex.org/W2610959808","https://openalex.org/W2744702534","https://openalex.org/W2767775750","https://openalex.org/W2787242615","https://openalex.org/W2790159751","https://openalex.org/W2793285653","https://openalex.org/W2794018900","https://openalex.org/W2807372720","https://openalex.org/W2885521220","https://openalex.org/W2887934730","https://openalex.org/W2889463041","https://openalex.org/W2912618598","https://openalex.org/W2915989645","https://openalex.org/W2944469957","https://openalex.org/W2954083178","https://openalex.org/W2957450347","https://openalex.org/W2968007052","https://openalex.org/W2998524313","https://openalex.org/W3005484887","https://openalex.org/W3093945042","https://openalex.org/W3139338378","https://openalex.org/W3171136909","https://openalex.org/W3194660875","https://openalex.org/W3203716797","https://openalex.org/W4210535534","https://openalex.org/W4224020013","https://openalex.org/W4224257782","https://openalex.org/W4282821525","https://openalex.org/W4298113507","https://openalex.org/W4306315072","https://openalex.org/W4321497930","https://openalex.org/W4362732325","https://openalex.org/W4368618499","https://openalex.org/W4383102213","https://openalex.org/W4388569521","https://openalex.org/W4391290828","https://openalex.org/W4391659397","https://openalex.org/W4391906275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407961089","https://openalex.org/W3048473012","https://openalex.org/W4389238394","https://openalex.org/W4387524165","https://openalex.org/W4386295251","https://openalex.org/W7118691615","https://openalex.org/W7211933587","https://openalex.org/W4413052788","https://openalex.org/W3135834664","https://openalex.org/W4411488663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78,143],"extensive":[1],"usage":[2],"of":[3,47,157,167,174,190,203],"rigid":[4],"polyurethane":[5,205],"foam":[6],"(RPUF)":[7],"as":[8,86,161,163],"an":[9],"energy-saving":[10],"building":[11],"materials":[12,43],"in":[13,39,68,91,146,171,180],"construction":[14],"has":[15],"raised":[16],"concerns":[17],"about":[18],"fire":[19,84,147],"risks":[20],"and":[21,58,64,105,119,134,140,159],"toxic":[22],"hazards.":[23],"To":[24],"address":[25],"these":[26,186],"challenges,":[27],"a":[28,52,71,175],"melamine-derived":[29],"polyol":[30],"(MADP)":[31],"was":[32,56],"synthesized":[33],"using":[34],"the":[35,45,128,137,153,164,172,181,188,191,201],"Mannich":[36],"reaction,":[37],"resulting":[38,79,170],"inherently":[40],"flame-retardant":[41,48],"RPUF":[42,69],"with":[44,74],"introduction":[46],"functional":[49],"groups.":[50],"Furthermore,":[51,127],"novel":[53],"MoS2-Cu2O":[54,168],"nanohybrid":[55],"prepared":[57],"employed":[59],"to":[60,112,124,152],"enhance":[61],"flame":[62,193],"retardancy":[63],"suppress":[65],"smoke":[66,102],"toxicity":[67],"through":[70],"cooperative":[72],"effect":[73,156],"expandable":[75],"graphite":[76],"(EG).":[77],"M-RPUF/EG/MoS2-Cu2O":[80],"nanocomposite":[81,129],"exhibited":[82],"remarkable":[83],"safety,":[85],"evidenced":[87],"by":[88],"significant":[89,144],"reductions":[90],"peak":[92,106],"heat":[93,98],"release":[94,99],"rate":[95],"(PHRR),":[96],"total":[97,101],"(THR),":[100],"production":[103],"(TSP),":[104],"carbon":[107],"monoxide":[108],"(CO)":[109],"release,":[110],"amounting":[111],"76.9":[113],"%,":[114,116,118],"64":[115],"82":[117],"99":[120],"%":[121],"respectively,":[122],"compared":[123],"pristine":[125],"RPUF.":[126],"effectively":[130],"addressed":[131],"interfacial":[132],"defects":[133],"significantly":[135],"enhanced":[136],"mechanical":[138],"property":[139],"thermal":[141],"stability.":[142],"improvement":[145],"safety":[148],"is":[149],"mainly":[150],"ascribed":[151],"catalytic":[154,165],"charring":[155],"MADP":[158],"EG,":[160],"well":[162],"oxidation":[166],"nanohybrids,":[169],"formation":[173],"thermally":[176],"stable":[177],"protective":[178],"layer":[179],"condensed":[182],"phase.":[183],"Based":[184],"on":[185],"results,":[187],"integration":[189],"tri-phase":[192],"retardant":[194],"system":[195],"holds":[196],"great":[197],"potential":[198],"for":[199],"advancing":[200],"development":[202],"fire-safe":[204],"materials.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-05-24T00:00:00"}