{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4397035546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.43","title":"Comparing Medical Training Costs Internationally: A Systematic Review","display_name":"Comparing Medical Training Costs Internationally: A Systematic Review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4397035546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.43","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39399605","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11469735"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47176/mjiri.38.43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208162","display_name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","issn_l":"1016-1430","issn":["1016-1430","2251-6840"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319130","host_organization_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319130"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Iran University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.43","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051419154","display_name":"Asgar Aghaei Hashjin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-557X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7954-557X","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8369-9036"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asgar Aghaei Hashjin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024578824","display_name":"Kamran Irandoust","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6793-9184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6793-9184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Irandoust","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018573293","display_name":"Hanie Gholampoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-537X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-537X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanie Gholampoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Economics, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046801976","display_name":"Claudia Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-8097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-8097","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6957-8711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76134821","display_name":"Medical University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/05n3x4p02","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Economics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Economics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76134821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108320817","display_name":"Masoud Maleki Birjandi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Maleki Birjandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Financial Department, Vice-Chancellor Office for International Affairs, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Financial Department, Vice-Chancellor Office for International Affairs, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098686690","display_name":"Aireza Mazdaki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aireza Mazdaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finacial Department, Vice-Chancellor for Resources Management and Development, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finacial Department, Vice-Chancellor for Resources Management and Development, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098686691","display_name":"Hossein Abdolali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161106909","display_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03w04rv71","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Abdolali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Financial Department, Vice-Chancellor Office for International Affairs, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","Finacial Department, Vice-Chancellor for Resources Management and Development, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Financial Department, Vice-Chancellor Office for International Affairs, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finacial Department, Vice-Chancellor for Resources Management and Development, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078952258","display_name":"Hediye Akg\u00fcn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6104-7636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6104-7636"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188740104","display_name":"Ba\u015fkent University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v9bqx10","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188740104"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hediye Seval Akgun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188740104"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024578824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161106909"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9297,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83381477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":null,"first_page":"43","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12413","display_name":"Health and Medical Education","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12413","display_name":"Health and Medical Education","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.021299999207258224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12168","display_name":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education-costs","display_name":"medical education costs","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita-cost","display_name":"per capita cost","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-students","display_name":"medical students","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-sciences-education","display_name":"health sciences education","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iran","display_name":"Iran","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing-power-parity","display_name":"purchasing power parity","score":0.890999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5536493062973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3828273415565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.360164612531662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12001615762710571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47176/mjiri.38.43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208162","display_name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","issn_l":"1016-1430","issn":["1016-1430","2251-6840"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319130","host_organization_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319130"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Iran University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11469735","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11469735","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11469735/pdf/mjiri-38-43.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Med J Islam Repub Iran","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39399605","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39399605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47176/mjiri.38.43","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208162","display_name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","issn_l":"1016-1430","issn":["1016-1430","2251-6840"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319130","host_organization_name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319130"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Iran University of Medical Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4397035546.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4397035546.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34286737","https://openalex.org/W1593173821","https://openalex.org/W1816383994","https://openalex.org/W1831673853","https://openalex.org/W1906317615","https://openalex.org/W1972183006","https://openalex.org/W2028307708","https://openalex.org/W2032382138","https://openalex.org/W2046086128","https://openalex.org/W2089546765","https://openalex.org/W2110284762","https://openalex.org/W2129369527","https://openalex.org/W2144588126","https://openalex.org/W2160883837","https://openalex.org/W2161374186","https://openalex.org/W2270665792","https://openalex.org/W2400094553","https://openalex.org/W2528708093","https://openalex.org/W3046126717","https://openalex.org/W3104543462","https://openalex.org/W3161070652","https://openalex.org/W4293261949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205135794","https://openalex.org/W3009612591","https://openalex.org/W7130408631","https://openalex.org/W3161070652","https://openalex.org/W7162212268","https://openalex.org/W2229274819","https://openalex.org/W3004295200","https://openalex.org/W2004218892","https://openalex.org/W2462405259","https://openalex.org/W2320920346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Acquiring":[1],"a":[2,172,194,214],"thorough":[3,126],"understanding":[4],"of":[5,12,51,98,170,192,262,276,288],"the":[6,10,34,49,63,77,161,165,190,203,251,268,274,281],"expenses":[7],"linked":[8],"to":[9,30,62,83,226,267],"education":[11,257,291],"health":[13,44,233],"sciences":[14,234],"students":[15,46,230],"is":[16,181,200,219],"crucial":[17],"for":[18,68,175,197,237,293],"effective":[19],"university":[20],"planning,":[21],"budgeting,":[22],"and":[23,32,42,71,89,101,112,140,206,212,221,284,296],"overall":[24],"preparedness.":[25],"This":[26],"systematic":[27,55],"review":[28,56],"aimed":[29],"identify":[31],"compare":[33],"per":[35,167],"capita":[36,168],"costs":[37,218,242,252],"associated":[38,253],"with":[39,254],"educating":[40],"medical":[41,173,195,216,255,290],"other":[43,232],"science":[45],"internationally-particularly":[47],"emphasizing":[48],"context":[50],"Iran.":[52],"Methods:":[53],"A":[54],"was":[57],"conducted":[58],"in":[59,179,202,208,231,235,258,279],"2023":[60],"according":[61,225],"PRISMA":[64],"(Preferred":[65],"Reporting":[66],"Items":[67],"Systematic":[69],"Reviews":[70],"Meta-Analyses)":[72],"guidelines.":[73],"The":[74,116,247],"search":[75],"covered":[76],"period":[78],"from":[79,121,132,147],"January":[80],"1,":[81],"2000,":[82],"November":[84],"11,":[85],"2022,":[86],"using":[87,110],"MeSH":[88],"EMTREE":[90],"terms.":[91],"Databases":[92],"such":[93,277],"as":[94],"PubMed,":[95],"Scopus,":[96],"Web":[97],"Science,":[99],"Embase,":[100],"Iranian":[102,148],"databases":[103,123,149],"were":[104,108,150],"searched.":[105],"Manual":[106],"searches":[107],"performed":[109],"Google":[111,113],"Scholar.":[114],"Results:":[115],"study":[117,248],"retrieved":[118],"1336":[119],"publications":[120],"bibliometric":[122],"and,":[124],"following":[125],"screening,":[127],"included":[128],"8":[129],"relevant":[130,145],"articles":[131,146],"5":[133],"countries":[134],"(Australia,":[135],"Iran,":[136],"United":[137,204,269],"States,":[138],"Thailand,":[139],"Vietnam).":[141],"An":[142],"additional":[143],"17":[144],"also":[151],"included.":[152],"Based":[153],"on":[154],"USD":[155],"purchasing":[156],"power":[157],"parity":[158],"(PPP)":[159],"2019,":[160],"results":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164,250,261],"mean":[166],"cost":[169,191],"training":[171,193,229],"student":[174,196,256],"1":[176,198,238],"academic":[177,239],"year":[178,199,240],"Iran":[180,236,259],"$61,493.86":[182],"(range,":[183],"$28,102-$133,603;":[184],"standard":[185],"deviation,":[186],"$35,476.03).":[187],"In":[188,210],"comparison,":[189],"$263,305":[201],"States":[205],"$44,674":[207],"Australia.":[209],"Thailand":[211],"Vietnam,":[213],"6-year":[215],"program":[217],"$284,058":[220],"$69,323,":[222],"respectively.":[223],"Moreover,":[224],"most":[227,263],"studies,":[228],"generally":[241],"\u02c2$20,000":[243],"(PPP":[244],"2019).":[245],"Conclusion:":[246],"reveals":[249],"exceed":[260],"countries,":[264],"second":[265],"only":[266],"States.":[270],"These":[271],"findings":[272],"highlight":[273],"importance":[275],"data":[278],"improving":[280],"efficiency,":[282],"sustainability,":[283],"informed":[285],"resource":[286],"allocation":[287],"global":[289],"programs":[292],"future":[294],"planning":[295],"budgeting.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-05-19T00:00:00"}