{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4397009323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29768357241254258","title":"Synthetic Marijuana: Assessment of Usage, Motivation and Associated Risks in Adolescent Substance Users","display_name":"Synthetic Marijuana: Assessment of Usage, Motivation and Associated Risks in Adolescent Substance Users","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4397009323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29768357241254258","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38764525","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11102655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/29768357241254258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29768357241254258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29768357241254258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390648488","display_name":"Substance Use Research and Treatment","issn_l":"2976-8357","issn":["2976-8357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","oarl","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Substance Use: Research and Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29768357241254258","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079707294","display_name":"Raman K. Baweja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-0643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-0643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raman Baweja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081908659","display_name":"Sara L. Mills-Huffnagle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6722-2586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6722-2586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Mills-Huffnagle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Amanda Jernigan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138445","display_name":"Gaudenzia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03zk93y09","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Jernigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gaudenzia, Inc., Harrisburg, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gaudenzia, Inc., Harrisburg, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098678078","display_name":"Nungshitombi Chongtham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nungshitombi Chongtham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021032648","display_name":"Daniel A. Waschbusch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-1286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-1286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Waschbusch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002366156","display_name":"James G. Waxmonsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-3417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5563-3417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James G Waxmonsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079707294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4439,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52074213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"29768357241254258","last_page":"29768357241254258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.8988999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.8988999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10414","display_name":"Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-cannabinoids","display_name":"synthetic cannabinoids","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-psychoactive-substances","display_name":"new psychoactive substances","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-use-motivation","display_name":"substance use motivation","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-benefits-and-risks","display_name":"perceived benefits and risks","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urine-drug-testing","display_name":"urine drug testing","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"cost reduction","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conduct-problems","display_name":"conduct problems","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/externalizing-problems","display_name":"externalizing problems","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotic-symptoms","display_name":"psychotic symptoms","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persecutory-ideation","display_name":"persecutory ideation","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cannabis-use","display_name":"cannabis use","score":0.3799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5092083215713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777846614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19904200","display_name":"Synthetic cannabinoids","level":4,"score":0.4709162414073944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4597679674625397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40010229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Substance abuse","level":2,"score":0.45277151465415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.44522330164909363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4296090602874756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777056318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79817","display_name":"Cannabis","level":2,"score":0.4295356869697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3345690965652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780871563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422936","display_name":"Cannabinoid","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/29768357241254258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29768357241254258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29768357241254258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390648488","display_name":"Substance Use Research and Treatment","issn_l":"2976-8357","issn":["2976-8357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","oarl","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Substance Use: Research and Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11102655","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11102655","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11102655/pdf/10.1177_29768357241254258.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Subst Use","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38764525","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38764525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Substance use : research and treatment","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/29768357241254258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29768357241254258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/29768357241254258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390648488","display_name":"Substance Use Research and Treatment","issn_l":"2976-8357","issn":["2976-8357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ki-jl-1","oarl","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Substance Use: Research and Treatment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7159460143","display_name":"Evaluation of inflammation in the locus coeruleus during physical withdrawal symptoms and cognitive development in a rat model of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)","funder_award_id":"F31DA059237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310419","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318324","display_name":"Cardinal Health","ror":"https://ror.org/03pd82777"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319328","display_name":"Children's Hospital Association","ror":"https://ror.org/05avqph76"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333195","display_name":"Penn State College of Medicine","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4397009323.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4397009323.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1789764726","https://openalex.org/W1878768981","https://openalex.org/W1967724789","https://openalex.org/W1970888547","https://openalex.org/W1981834714","https://openalex.org/W2009785311","https://openalex.org/W2035408930","https://openalex.org/W2056127083","https://openalex.org/W2064958196","https://openalex.org/W2092069105","https://openalex.org/W2096520938","https://openalex.org/W2121189426","https://openalex.org/W2283404708","https://openalex.org/W2320068409","https://openalex.org/W2522228901","https://openalex.org/W2595941830","https://openalex.org/W2888400863","https://openalex.org/W2911608221","https://openalex.org/W2922527818","https://openalex.org/W2960072765","https://openalex.org/W2986269434","https://openalex.org/W2987416467","https://openalex.org/W2997482843","https://openalex.org/W3025073016","https://openalex.org/W3118915588","https://openalex.org/W4367180354","https://openalex.org/W4385185736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896009594","https://openalex.org/W2892008103","https://openalex.org/W2911608221","https://openalex.org/W4246314380","https://openalex.org/W2468395684","https://openalex.org/W2523816908","https://openalex.org/W2156450850","https://openalex.org/W2212025239","https://openalex.org/W4247882200","https://openalex.org/W2913925532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives:":[0],"Use":[1],"of":[2,27,62,81,95,103,110,115,120,168,218,226,279,296,319,324,341,344,349,366],"Synthetic":[3],"and":[4,41,43,56,83,89,99,141,147,165,176,200,231,253,285,322,352,358,378],"designer":[5],"products,":[6],"including":[7,229],"synthetic":[8,28,84,146,280],"marijuana":[9,49,85,136,139,149,210,241,264,283,298],"(SM),":[10],"among":[11,50],"adolescents":[12,63,117,337,369],"poses":[13],"a":[14,59,69,178,363],"major":[15],"risk":[16,167],"to":[17,77,92,107,180,188,208,262,370],"public":[18],"health.":[19],"Little":[20],"is":[21],"known":[22],"about":[23],"the":[24,36,79,87,100,128,222,277,294,301,342],"motivating":[25],"factors":[26],"substance":[29,65],"use":[30,66,80,137,150,189,205,217,284,299,335,371],"in":[31,271,336],"adolescents.":[32,51],"This":[33],"study":[34],"examined":[35],"motivations,":[37],"predictors,":[38],"perceived":[39,223],"risks":[40,201,225,343],"benefits,":[42],"differences":[44,270],"with":[45,174,203,239,276,293],"SM":[46,160,175,190,204,219,334],"versus":[47],"natural":[48,82,135,148,209,227,240,263,282,297],"Methods:":[52],"Between":[53],"April":[54],"2016":[55],"May":[57],"2018,":[58],"convenience":[60],"sample":[61],"receiving":[64],"treatment":[67,379],"from":[68],"local":[70],"counseling":[71],"center":[72],"completed":[73,127],"an":[74],"anonymous":[75],"survey":[76],"assess":[78,93,108],"use,":[86],"Strengths":[88],"Difficulties":[90],"Questionnaire":[91],"levels":[94],"current":[96],"psychiatric":[97],"symptoms":[98,109,287],"Community":[101],"Assessment":[102],"Psychic":[104],"Experiences-Positive":[105],"Scale":[106],"psychosis.":[111],"Results:":[112],"A":[113],"total":[114],"80":[116],"(age":[118],"range":[119],"14-18":[121],"years;":[122],"71%":[123],"male;":[124],"53%":[125],"Caucasian)":[126],"study.":[129],"Of":[130],"these,":[131],"39":[132],"(49%)":[133],"reported":[134,144,156,177,197],"(natural":[138],"users)":[140],"41":[142],"(51%)":[143],"both":[145],"(dual":[151],"users).":[152],"The":[153,216],"most":[154],"commonly":[155],"reasons":[157,332],"for":[158,333],"using":[159,345,350],"were":[161,172,186,267],"its":[162],"low":[163],"cost":[164,320],"reduced":[166],"detection.":[169],"Participants":[170],"who":[171],"familiar":[173],"desire":[179],"avoid":[181],"detection":[182,325],"on":[183,326],"drug":[184,328],"tests":[185],"likelier":[187],"(all":[191],"P":[192,213,235,250,257,310],"<":[193,236],".05).":[194,215],"Dual":[195],"users":[196,211,245],"more":[198,247],"benefits":[199,348],"associated":[202],"when":[206,260],"compared":[207,238,261],"(":[212,234,249,256,305],"\u2a7d":[214],"also":[220],"heightened":[221],"medical":[224],"marijuana,":[228],"seizures":[230],"respiratory":[232],"issues":[233],".05),":[237],"users.":[242],"While":[243],"dual":[244],"self-reported":[246],"conduct":[248],"=":[251,258,308,311],".009)":[252],"externalizing":[254],"problems":[255],".024)":[259],"users,":[265],"there":[266],"no":[268],"group":[269],"psychotic":[272,286],"symptoms,":[273],"nor":[274],"correlations":[275],"frequency":[278,295],"or":[281],"except":[288],"that":[289,317],"persecutory":[290],"ideation":[291],"correlated":[292],"during":[300],"past":[302],"12":[303],"months":[304],"r":[306],"p":[307],"0.28,":[309],".04).":[312],"Conclusions:":[313],"These":[314],"results":[315],"suggest":[316],"reports":[318],"savings,":[321],"lack":[323],"urine":[327],"screens":[329],"are":[330],"common":[331],"despite":[338],"being":[339],"aware":[340],"SM.":[346],"Perceived":[347],"synthetics":[351],"other":[353],"novel":[354,373],"substances":[355,374],"appear":[356],"diverse,":[357],"merit":[359],"further":[360],"exploration":[361],"as":[362],"better":[364],"understanding":[365],"what":[367],"motivates":[368],"specific":[372],"may":[375],"guide":[376],"prevention":[377],"efforts.":[380]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-05-18T00:00:00"}