{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4397001597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_aja-23-00279","title":"Demographic Disparities in Drive Times to the Nearest Audiologist in the United States","display_name":"Demographic Disparities in Drive Times to the Nearest Audiologist in the United States","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4397001597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_aja-23-00279","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38758682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1044/2024_aja-23-00279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_aja-23-00279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_aja-23-00279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37662143","display_name":"American Journal of Audiology","issn_l":"1059-0889","issn":["1059-0889","1558-9137"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320281","host_organization_name":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320281"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Audiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050233717","display_name":"Charles Pudrith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7769-7617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7769-7617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Pudrith","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","Google Scholar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7769-7617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Scholar","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020147301","display_name":"Xuwei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-7236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-7236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuwei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","Google Scholar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Scholar","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083190447","display_name":"Milijana Buac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-8833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-8833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milijana Buac","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","Google Scholar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Scholar","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082457142","display_name":"Danica Billingsly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-2679","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-2679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danica Billingsly","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","Google Scholar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-2679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Scholar","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Elizabeth Hill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","Google Scholar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Allied Health and Communicative Disorders, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Scholar","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89009277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"768","last_page":"781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.34299999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.34299999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.19300000369548798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.15800000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-population","display_name":"Hispanic population","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income","display_name":"low income","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-ethnicity","display_name":"race and ethnicity","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-density","display_name":"population density","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-access-to-care","display_name":"geographic access to care","score":0.5960000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910130665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiologist","level":3,"score":0.7994516491889954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.5662562847137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3829843997955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3673044443130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780493683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16035842","display_name":"Hearing loss","level":2,"score":0.3354758620262146}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000072018","descriptor_name":"Audiologists","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001298","descriptor_name":"Audiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006297","descriptor_name":"Health Services Accessibility","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006630","descriptor_name":"Hispanic or Latino","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011156","descriptor_name":"Population Density","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011203","descriptor_name":"Poverty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1044/2024_aja-23-00279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_aja-23-00279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_aja-23-00279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S37662143","display_name":"American Journal of Audiology","issn_l":"1059-0889","issn":["1059-0889","1558-9137"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320281","host_organization_name":"American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320281"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Speech\u2013Language\u2013Hearing Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Audiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38758682","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38758682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of audiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519212907","https://openalex.org/W1567888373","https://openalex.org/W1586900714","https://openalex.org/W1597346102","https://openalex.org/W1981323527","https://openalex.org/W2000757457","https://openalex.org/W2026501749","https://openalex.org/W2030709365","https://openalex.org/W2063616369","https://openalex.org/W2072059416","https://openalex.org/W2108444970","https://openalex.org/W2117517326","https://openalex.org/W2154625966","https://openalex.org/W2167449160","https://openalex.org/W2257529644","https://openalex.org/W2310252299","https://openalex.org/W2314431466","https://openalex.org/W2407049609","https://openalex.org/W2471276960","https://openalex.org/W2508814107","https://openalex.org/W2583828962","https://openalex.org/W2593164649","https://openalex.org/W2735705865","https://openalex.org/W2736384457","https://openalex.org/W2743546017","https://openalex.org/W2791627184","https://openalex.org/W2899689343","https://openalex.org/W2901544294","https://openalex.org/W2909884803","https://openalex.org/W2926783339","https://openalex.org/W2939768208","https://openalex.org/W2995374273","https://openalex.org/W3000444172","https://openalex.org/W3096655409","https://openalex.org/W3163503634","https://openalex.org/W3202571575","https://openalex.org/W3205266771","https://openalex.org/W4212872803","https://openalex.org/W4225288593","https://openalex.org/W4280652106","https://openalex.org/W4285746919","https://openalex.org/W4307493938","https://openalex.org/W4308746899","https://openalex.org/W4323294668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005773946","https://openalex.org/W6945991709","https://openalex.org/W2964998837","https://openalex.org/W4400725382","https://openalex.org/W4393114583","https://openalex.org/W2121414988","https://openalex.org/W4412478867","https://openalex.org/W4366817442","https://openalex.org/W4322719057","https://openalex.org/W2909884803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Audiological":[1],"services":[2],"are":[3],"underused,":[4],"possibly":[5],"because":[6],"patients":[7],"need":[8,115],"to":[9,13,27,39,53,116,122,155,172,215,251],"drive":[10,25,85,117,132,170,188,200,243,247],"long":[11],"distances":[12],"see":[14],"a":[15,68,100],"provider.":[16],"In":[17,225],"this":[18],"study,":[19],"we":[20],"measured":[21,58],"the":[22,28,40,54,62,79,156,173,209,216,235],"association":[23,83],"of":[24,135,178,180,211,237],"times":[26,47,86,154,171,189,248],"nearest":[29,41,55,157,174,217],"audiologist":[30,56],"with":[31,99,168,186],"population":[32,88,101,139],"density,":[33,89],"income,":[34,90],"ethnicity,":[35,91],"race,":[36,92],"and":[37,67,87,93,105,152,213],"distance":[38,96,214],"audiology":[42,94,158,218],"graduate":[43],"program.":[44],"METHOD:":[45],"Drive":[46],"for":[48,74,229,254],"each":[49],"census":[50,60,165,183],"block":[51,76,166,184],"group":[52],"were":[57,160],"using":[59],"data,":[61],"National":[63],"Provider":[64],"Identifier":[65],"Registry,":[66],"geographic":[69],"analyzing":[70],"tool":[71],"called":[72],"ArcGIS":[73],"all":[75,161],"groups":[77,167,185],"within":[78],"United":[80],"States.":[81],"The":[82,127,138,203],"between":[84],"program":[95,159,219],"was":[97,220],"evaluated":[98],"density-matched":[102,140],"case-control":[103,141],"study":[104,142],"multiple":[106,204],"linear":[107,205],"regression":[108,206],"analyses.":[109],"RESULTS:":[110],"Approximately":[111],"5.29":[112],"million":[113],"Americans":[114,131],"at":[118],"least":[119],"1":[120],"hr":[121],"visit":[123],"their":[124],"closest":[125],"audiologist.":[126,175],"10%":[128],"most":[129],"rural-dwelling":[130],"an":[133],"average":[134,177],"33.8":[136],"min.":[137],"demonstrated":[143],"that":[144,208],"percent":[145,148,238],"below":[146],"poverty,":[147],"identifying":[149,239],"as":[150,191,196,240,271],"Hispanic,":[151,192],"travel":[153],"significantly":[162],"higher":[163],"in":[164,182,198,222,258,266],"high":[169,199],"An":[176],"7.96%":[179],"individuals":[181],"low":[187,275],"identified":[190,195],"but":[193],"18.8%":[194],"Hispanic":[197,241,272],"time":[201],"groups.":[202],"showed":[207],"effect":[210,236],"demographics":[212],"highest":[221],"rural":[223,259,267],"areas.":[224,260],"both":[226],"analyses,":[227],"adjusting":[228],"poverty":[230],"did":[231],"not":[232],"drastically":[233],"change":[234],"on":[242],"times.":[244],"CONCLUSIONS:":[245],"Long":[246],"restrict":[249],"access":[250],"audiological":[252],"care":[253],"those":[255,265],"who":[256,269],"live":[257],"This":[261],"restriction":[262],"disproportionately":[263],"affects":[264],"areas":[268],"identify":[270],"or":[273],"have":[274],"income.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2024-05-18T00:00:00"}