{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396973820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12615","title":"Application and challenges of layers of protection analysis (LOPA) in mining processes: Insights into benefits and limitations","display_name":"Application and challenges of layers of protection analysis (LOPA) in mining processes: Insights into benefits and limitations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396973820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/prs.12615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12615","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/prs.12615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139295051","display_name":"Process Safety Progress","issn_l":"1066-8527","issn":["1066-8527","1547-5913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Process Safety Progress","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/prs.12615","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098666881","display_name":"Laura Anato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3259-4483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3259-4483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096496","display_name":"Rio Tinto (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv4xe50","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096496","https://openalex.org/I4210153745"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura Anato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Development and Technology, Rio Tinto, Montreal, Qubec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3259-4483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development and Technology, Rio Tinto, Montreal, Qubec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096496"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098666882","display_name":"Luis Carrero","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096496","display_name":"Rio Tinto (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv4xe50","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096496","https://openalex.org/I4210153745"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Carrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Development and Technology, Rio Tinto, Montreal, Qubec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development and Technology, Rio Tinto, Montreal, Qubec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096496"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098666883","display_name":"Guy Brouillard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096496","display_name":"Rio Tinto (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv4xe50","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096496","https://openalex.org/I4210153745"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy Brouillard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Development and Technology, Rio Tinto, Montreal, Qubec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development and Technology, Rio Tinto, Montreal, Qubec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096496"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098666884","display_name":"Catherine Morar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885979982","display_name":"Rio Tinto (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/03z28c516","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153745","https://openalex.org/I885979982"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Morar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Development and Technology, Rio Tinto, Brisbane City, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Development and Technology, Rio Tinto, Brisbane City, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885979982"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5098666881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096496"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9109,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71469988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"3","first_page":"469","last_page":"477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14091","display_name":"Industrial and Mining Safety","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13840","display_name":"Chemical Safety and Risk Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1504","display_name":"Chemical Health and Safety"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer-of-protection-analysis","display_name":"Layer of Protection Analysis","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-identification","display_name":"hazard identification","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazop","display_name":"HAZOP","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-layer","display_name":"protective layer","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-furnace","display_name":"induction furnace","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-error","display_name":"human error","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-based-decision-making","display_name":"risk-based decision making","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-safety","display_name":"process safety","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.6871834397315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.6707407236099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125174871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1683210","display_name":"Hazard and operability study","level":3,"score":0.6595332026481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5722267627716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5627899765968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80038721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4380673","display_name":"Process safety","level":3,"score":0.5090636610984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4786016643047333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4485793709754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.34152311086654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24518737196922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2064368724822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.20021232962608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1937185823917389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.07248997688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126231374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061298","display_name":"Operability","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/prs.12615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12615","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/prs.12615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139295051","display_name":"Process Safety Progress","issn_l":"1066-8527","issn":["1066-8527","1547-5913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Process Safety Progress","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/prs.12615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12615","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/prs.12615","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139295051","display_name":"Process Safety Progress","issn_l":"1066-8527","issn":["1066-8527","1547-5913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Process Safety Progress","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396973820.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396973820.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254116862","https://openalex.org/W4298270571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052838748","https://openalex.org/W2374550694","https://openalex.org/W1989035629","https://openalex.org/W2586951186","https://openalex.org/W1977303000","https://openalex.org/W2063237186","https://openalex.org/W2360594657","https://openalex.org/W4210865811","https://openalex.org/W7208712328","https://openalex.org/W2082721356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Layers":[1],"of":[2,31,37,49,70,141,147,162],"protection":[3,112,148],"analysis":[4,33,172],"(LOPA)":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,26],"semiquantitative":[8],"technique":[9],"widely":[10],"used":[11],"in":[12,51,109,181],"process":[13],"industries":[14],"for":[15,114],"assessing":[16],"hazardous":[17],"scenarios":[18,76,122],"and":[19,34,54,64,75,82,94,133,150,177],"supporting":[20],"risk\u2010informed":[21],"decision":[22],"making.":[23],"It":[24],"provides":[25],"balance":[27],"between":[28],"the":[29,35,43,47,52,139,165],"simplicity":[30],"qualitative":[32],"detail":[36],"quantitative":[38],"analysis.":[39,88],"This":[40],"paper":[41,158],"discusses":[42],"authors'":[44],"experiences":[45],"with":[46,59,131],"application":[48],"LOPA":[50,163],"mining":[53],"metals":[55],"(M&M)":[56],"industry,":[57],"combined":[58],"traditional":[60],"methods":[61],"like":[62],"HAZOP":[63],"HAZID,":[65],"to":[66,103,107,125,173],"identify":[67],"risks.":[68],"Several":[69],"LOPA's":[71,104],"limitations":[72],"became":[73],"evident,":[74],"involving":[77,117],"human":[78,175],"factors,":[79],"natural":[80],"events,":[81],"asset":[83],"integrity":[84],"were":[85],"excluded":[86],"from":[87],"Certain":[89],"M&M":[90],"processes,":[91],"often":[92],"complex":[93],"heavily":[95],"reliant":[96],"on":[97],"manual":[98],"operations,":[99],"pose":[100],"unique":[101],"challenges":[102],"effectiveness":[105],"due":[106],"difficulties":[108],"isolating":[110],"independent":[111],"layers:":[113],"example,":[115],"those":[116],"induction":[118],"furnaces":[119],"where":[120],"overheat":[121],"can":[123],"lead":[124],"explosive":[126],"phase":[127],"transitions":[128],"upon":[129],"contact":[130],"water":[132],"molten":[134],"metal.":[135],"Despite":[136],"these":[137],"challenges,":[138],"advantages":[140],"LOPA,":[142],"such":[143],"as":[144],"enhanced":[145],"understanding":[146],"layers":[149],"fostering":[151],"effective":[152],"safety":[153,169,179],"improvements,":[154],"are":[155],"significant.":[156],"The":[157],"anticipates":[159],"continued":[160],"use":[161],"within":[164],"company,":[166],"complemented":[167],"by":[168],"critical":[170,182],"task":[171],"manage":[174],"errors":[176],"enhance":[178],"controls":[180],"situations.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-05-17T00:00:00"}