{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396945933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","title":"Computational Phenomapping of Randomized Clinical Trials to Enable Assessment of their Real-world Representativeness and Personalized Inference","display_name":"Computational Phenomapping of Randomized Clinical Trials to Enable Assessment of their Real-world Representativeness and Personalized Inference","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396945933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38798457","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11118629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062357855","display_name":"Phyllis Thangaraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3968-1563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3968-1563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phyllis M Thangaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Yale School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3968-1563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107482011","display_name":"Evangelos K. Oikonomou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4362-0720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4362-0720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evangelos K Oikonomou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Yale School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4362-0720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043198554","display_name":"Lovedeep Singh Dhingra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-4126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-4126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lovedeep Singh Dhingra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Yale School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-4126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062037359","display_name":"Arya Aminorroaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3197-2657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3197-2657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arya Aminorroaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Yale School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3197-2657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rahul Jayaram","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Jayaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Yale School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039905606","display_name":"Marc A. Suchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-479X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-479X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc A Suchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","Departments of Computational Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, 695 Charles E. Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","University of California, Los Angeles"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-479X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Computational Medicine and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, 695 Charles E. Young Drive S, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017974764","display_name":"Rohan Khera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-6199","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-6199"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1323778983","display_name":"Yale New Haven Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05tszed37","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1323778983","https://openalex.org/I4210117499"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rohan Khera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA","Section of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT","Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","Section of Health Informatics, Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT","Yale School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-6199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323778983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Health Informatics, Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017974764"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1323778983","https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.33399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.33399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.2222999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.12060000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trials","display_name":"randomized controlled trials","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability","display_name":"generalizability","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-treatment-effects","display_name":"individual treatment effects","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotypic-distance","display_name":"phenotypic distance","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-records","display_name":"electronic health records","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure-with-preserved-ejection-fraction","display_name":"heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topcat-trial","display_name":"TOPCAT trial","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spironolactone","display_name":"spironolactone","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralocorticoid-receptor-antagonists","display_name":"mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists","score":0.7329999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37381756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20203288","display_name":"Representativeness heuristic","level":2,"score":0.8686332702636719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.701197624206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6380548477172852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.519275426864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.45200154185295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4376249313354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3681376874446869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31626081466674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29235750436782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.17781683802604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15051397681236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.13050374388694763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1253097653388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07471206784248352}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:38798457","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38798457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11118629","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11118629","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11118629/pdf/nihpp-2024.05.15.24306285v3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.15.24306285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4500699228","display_name":"A multi-modal approach for efficient, point-of-care screening of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","funder_award_id":"F32HL170592","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000869684","display_name":"Training in Implementation Science Research and Methods","funder_award_id":"T32HL155000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000870520","display_name":"Translating Personalized Inference from Randomized Clinical Trials to Real-World Cardiovascular Care","funder_award_id":"R01HL167858","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000877310","display_name":"Short Term Research Training:  Students in Health Professional Schools","funder_award_id":"T35HL007649","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000897945","display_name":"Evaluating and Improving Utilization of Evidence-Based Medical Therapy in Patients with Heart Failure using Automated Tools in the Electronic Health Record","funder_award_id":"K23HL153775","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976196376","https://openalex.org/W1996659910","https://openalex.org/W2014341370","https://openalex.org/W2015712245","https://openalex.org/W2049532823","https://openalex.org/W2056884786","https://openalex.org/W2104209472","https://openalex.org/W2120729896","https://openalex.org/W2152072062","https://openalex.org/W2410097662","https://openalex.org/W2410316792","https://openalex.org/W2516672017","https://openalex.org/W2612219720","https://openalex.org/W2732236888","https://openalex.org/W2803660715","https://openalex.org/W2889326414","https://openalex.org/W2902992690","https://openalex.org/W3000089361","https://openalex.org/W3021472140","https://openalex.org/W3157007502","https://openalex.org/W3165881824","https://openalex.org/W3185982774","https://openalex.org/W3189003476","https://openalex.org/W3201983383","https://openalex.org/W4210537426","https://openalex.org/W4210641987","https://openalex.org/W4220761073","https://openalex.org/W4307840950","https://openalex.org/W4318173892","https://openalex.org/W4366992020","https://openalex.org/W4381852553","https://openalex.org/W4386206199","https://openalex.org/W4389870136"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409669943","https://openalex.org/W4380795138","https://openalex.org/W3021472140","https://openalex.org/W2947067123","https://openalex.org/W3165881824","https://openalex.org/W3202137438","https://openalex.org/W4389475898","https://openalex.org/W1513195555","https://openalex.org/W4399455195","https://openalex.org/W3023471002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Randomized":[1],"clinical":[2],"trials":[3],"(RCTs)":[4],"define":[5],"evidence-based":[6],"medicine,":[7],"but":[8],"quantifying":[9,34],"their":[10,35],"generalizability":[11,104,207],"to":[12,22,173,212,230,250,268],"real-world":[13,39,103,278,297],"patients":[14,86,153,158,247,267,285],"remains":[15],"challenging.":[16],"We":[17,51,99],"propose":[18],"a":[19,109,205,223,239,261],"multidimensional":[20,110,201,274],"approach":[21,275],"compare":[23],"individuals":[24],"in":[25,48,138,154,256,286],"RCT":[26,58,281],"and":[27,37,81,126,130,156],"electronic":[28],"health":[29],"record":[30],"(EHR)":[31],"cohorts":[32,215],"by":[33,107,119],"representativeness":[36,279],"estimating":[38],"effects":[40,45],"based":[41],"on":[42],"individualized":[43],"treatment":[44,255],"(ITE)":[46],"observed":[47],"RCTs.":[49],"METHODS:":[50],"identified":[52,137],"65":[53],"pre-randomization":[54],"characteristics":[55],"of":[56,59,69,105,208,225,242,266,280,292],"an":[57,76,293],"heart":[60],"failure":[61],"with":[62,75,87,159],"preserved":[63],"ejection":[64],"fraction":[65],"(HFpEF),":[66],"the":[67,90,93,102,122,135,146,166,177,192,196,209,213,217,257,277,287,290],"Treatment":[68],"Preserved":[70],"Cardiac":[71],"Function":[72],"Heart":[73],"Failure":[74],"Aldosterone":[77],"Antagonist":[78],"Trial":[79],"(TOPCAT),":[80],"extracted":[82],"those":[83],"features":[84],"from":[85,89,134,244,253],"HFpEF":[88,160],"EHR":[91,131,147,167,214,236,258],"within":[92,145],"Yale":[94],"New":[95],"Haven":[96],"Health":[97],"System.":[98],"then":[100],"assessed":[101,142],"TOPCAT":[106,117,139,155],"developing":[108],"machine":[111],"learning-based":[112],"phenotypic":[113,197,221],"distance":[114,198],"metric":[115],"between":[116],"stratified":[118],"region":[120],"including":[121],"United":[123],"States":[124],"(US)":[125],"Eastern":[127],"Europe":[128],"(EE)":[129],"cohorts.":[132,148],"Finally,":[133],"ITE":[136,243],"participants,":[140],"we":[141],"spironolactone":[143,254],"benefit":[144,252],"RESULTS:":[149],"There":[150],"were":[151,170,228,248],"3,445":[152],"8,121":[157],"across":[161],"4":[162],"hospitals.":[163],"Across":[164],"covariates,":[165],"patient":[168],"populations":[169],"more":[171],"similar":[172],"each":[174,231],"other":[175,232],"than":[176,216,233],"TOPCAT-US":[178,210,226],"participants":[179,211,227,282],"(median":[180],"SMD":[181,187],"0.065,":[182],"IQR":[183,189],"0.011-0.144":[184],"vs":[185],"median":[186],"0.186,":[188],"0.040-0.479).":[190],"At":[191],"multi-variate":[193],"level":[194],"using":[195],"metric,":[199],"our":[200],"similarity":[202],"score":[203],"found":[204],"higher":[206],"TOPCAT-EE":[218],"participants.":[219],"By":[220],"distance,":[222],"47%":[224],"closer":[229],"any":[234],"individual":[235],"patient.":[237],"Using":[238],"TOPCAT-US-derived":[240],"model":[241,263],"spironolactone,":[245],"all":[246],"predicted":[249,264],"derive":[251,269],"cohort,":[259],"while":[260],"TOPCAT-EE-derived":[262],"13%":[265],"benefit.":[270],"CONCLUSIONS:":[271],"This":[272],"novel":[273],"evaluates":[276],"against":[283],"corresponding":[284],"EHR,":[288],"enabling":[289],"evaluation":[291],"RCT's":[294],"implication":[295],"for":[296],"patients.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2024-05-17T00:00:00"}