{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396930697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051411","title":"Experimental Study on the Strength and Damage Characteristics of Cement\u2013Fly Ash\u2013Slag\u2013Gangue Cemented Backfill","display_name":"Experimental Study on the Strength and Damage Characteristics of Cement\u2013Fly Ash\u2013Slag\u2013Gangue Cemented Backfill","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396930697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings14051411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051411","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/5/1411/pdf?version=1715756628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/5/1411/pdf?version=1715756628","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101354265","display_name":"Baofeng Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9564693","display_name":"Eastern Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a4wvs18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9564693"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baofeng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9564693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Heyu Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405281456","display_name":"Heilongjiang Forestry Vocational Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04c5bmc27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405281456"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heilongjiang Forestry Vocation Technical College, Mudanjiang 157011, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heilongjiang Forestry Vocation Technical College, Mudanjiang 157011, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405281456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319297","display_name":"Ran An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-3160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-3160","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3509-7476"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ran An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051677902","display_name":"Xianwei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-4493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-4493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140379","display_name":"Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0366c6s65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210140379"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-4493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210140379"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101909202","display_name":"Zefeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-8810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-8810"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125968788","display_name":"Norwegian Geotechnical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/032ksge37","country_code":"NO","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125968788"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zefeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Modelling, Offshore Energy, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Sognsvn. 72, 0855 Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3575-8810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Modelling, Offshore Energy, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Sognsvn. 72, 0855 Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125968788"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100319297","https://openalex.org/A5101354265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422","https://openalex.org/I9564693"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":1.1926,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72772819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"5","first_page":"1411","last_page":"1411"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12865","display_name":"Tailings Management and Properties","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12865","display_name":"Tailings Management and Properties","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cemented-backfill","display_name":"cemented backfill","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-ash","display_name":"fly ash","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slag","display_name":"slag","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gangue","display_name":"gangue","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-waste-utilization","display_name":"solid waste utilization","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/damage-characteristics","display_name":"damage characteristics","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crack-evolution","display_name":"crack development","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstructure","display_name":"microstructure","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniaxial-compression","display_name":"uniaxial compression","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"computed tomography","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-fracture-modeling","display_name":"3D fracture modeling","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"porosity","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87343466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236139","display_name":"Fly ash","level":2,"score":0.8845037817955017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.7467020153999329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159048435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105783","display_name":"Slag (welding)","level":2,"score":0.6831552982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7028197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061670","display_name":"Gangue","level":2,"score":0.5402663946151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.518523097038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.466656893491745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4383944571018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.29172852635383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2326624095439911}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings14051411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051411","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/5/1411/pdf?version=1715756628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/43c53026-7c54-44f1-8055-30457f708dac","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/43c53026-7c54-44f1-8055-30457f708dac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Song, B, Li, H, An, R, Zhang, X & Zhou, Z 2024, 'Experimental Study on the Strength and Damage Characteristics of Cement\u2013Fly Ash\u2013Slag\u2013Gangue Cemented Backfill', Buildings, vol. 14, no. 5, 1411, pp. 1411. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051411","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc79cb2305db4b51acbe4f6e17441c19","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc79cb2305db4b51acbe4f6e17441c19","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Buildings, Vol 14, Iss 5, p 1411 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/3141238","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3141238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"0","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings14051411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051411","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/14/5/1411/pdf?version=1715756628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"score":0.7207000255584717,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1219641046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLGME021018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326877","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4131435567","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12102312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326877","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03a205534"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396930697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396930697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123375691","https://openalex.org/W1964210877","https://openalex.org/W1965479190","https://openalex.org/W2006361877","https://openalex.org/W2026940860","https://openalex.org/W2046771046","https://openalex.org/W2076456105","https://openalex.org/W2136805278","https://openalex.org/W2190908223","https://openalex.org/W2221334394","https://openalex.org/W2299036195","https://openalex.org/W2473259006","https://openalex.org/W2566958762","https://openalex.org/W2789911689","https://openalex.org/W2790411461","https://openalex.org/W2808566971","https://openalex.org/W2900623251","https://openalex.org/W2900778691","https://openalex.org/W2901843211","https://openalex.org/W2913887574","https://openalex.org/W2920257709","https://openalex.org/W2920361211","https://openalex.org/W2944598010","https://openalex.org/W2982903240","https://openalex.org/W3008602099","https://openalex.org/W3088389150","https://openalex.org/W3097791662","https://openalex.org/W3113360472","https://openalex.org/W4214669496","https://openalex.org/W4284887100","https://openalex.org/W4312202341","https://openalex.org/W4323318190","https://openalex.org/W4362523245","https://openalex.org/W4362703908","https://openalex.org/W4367052883","https://openalex.org/W4381805112","https://openalex.org/W4385636930","https://openalex.org/W4387957466","https://openalex.org/W4388413901","https://openalex.org/W6605058682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376865961","https://openalex.org/W4320178249","https://openalex.org/W7202383151","https://openalex.org/W4409563201","https://openalex.org/W6904354251","https://openalex.org/W4407627490","https://openalex.org/W4386387697","https://openalex.org/W2751823816","https://openalex.org/W3185026153","https://openalex.org/W7155447970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,19,56],"achieve":[3],"the":[4,27,34,75,90,106,127,140,158,164,170,179,190,211,225,229],"goal":[5],"of":[6,23,29,40,77,95,117,124,147,160,192,235],"effectively":[7],"utilizing":[8],"solid":[9,24,240],"waste":[10],"resources":[11],"and":[12,37,62,79,102,120,143,174,181,232],"improving":[13],"mining":[14],"stability,":[15],"it":[16],"is":[17],"necessary":[18],"incorporate":[20],"various":[21],"types":[22],"wastes":[25,241],"in":[26,82,135,139,213,228],"production":[28],"cemented":[30,44,84,236],"backfill.":[31,85],"For":[32],"investigating":[33],"compressive":[35,115],"strength":[36,116],"damage":[38,81,186,230],"characteristics":[39,234],"Cement\u2013Fly":[41],"Ash\u2013Slag\u2013Gangue":[42],"(CFSG)":[43],"backfill":[45,237],"under":[46,242],"loading,":[47],"real-time":[48],"X-ray":[49],"Computed":[50],"Tomography":[51],"(CT)":[52],"scanning":[53],"was":[54,132],"employed":[55],"capture":[57],"two-dimensional":[58],"(2D)":[59],"grayscale":[60],"slices":[61,156],"three-dimensional":[63],"(3D)":[64],"fracture":[65,165],"models":[66],"during":[67,105,169,178],"uniaxial":[68,107],"compression":[69,108],"testing.":[70],"The":[71,86,110,185],"study":[72,217],"quantitatively":[73],"assessed":[74],"evolution":[76],"cracks":[78],"microstructural":[80],"CFSG":[83],"results":[87],"indicate":[88],"that":[89],"specimens":[91,111],"underwent":[92],"four":[93],"stages":[94],"transformation,":[96],"including":[97],"compaction,":[98],"linear":[99],"elasticity,":[100],"yielding,":[101],"residual":[103,182],"deformation,":[104],"process.":[109],"exhibited":[112,195],"a":[113,121,144,196,201,206,220],"measured":[114],"3.44":[118],"MPa":[119],"failure":[122],"strain":[123,129],"0.95%.":[125],"As":[126],"axial":[128,214],"increased,":[130],"there":[131],"an":[133],"increase":[134,203,212],"2D":[136],"porosity":[137],"observed":[138],"CT":[141,155],"images":[142],"greater":[145],"dispersion":[146],"crack":[148],"distribution.":[149],"A":[150],"3D":[151,193],"model":[152],"constructed":[153],"from":[154,189],"illustrated":[157],"feature":[159],"cracking":[161,233],"expansion,":[162],"with":[163,210,239],"volume":[166,191],"gradually":[167],"increasing":[168],"elastic":[171],"deformation":[172,183],"phase":[173],"experiencing":[175],"rapid":[176,202],"growth":[177],"yielding":[180],"phases.":[184],"variable,":[187],"obtained":[188],"cracks,":[194],"slow-growth":[197],"pattern,":[198],"characterized":[199],"by":[200,205],"followed":[204],"more":[207],"gradual":[208],"rise":[209],"strain.":[215],"This":[216],"serves":[218],"as":[219],"significant":[221],"reference":[222],"for":[223],"comprehending":[224],"micro-mechanisms":[226],"involved":[227],"process":[231],"mixed":[238],"external":[243],"loading":[244],"conditions.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2024-05-16T00:00:00"}
