{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396885232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","title":"Experimental study on mechanical and hydraulic properties of xanthan gum improved low liquid limit silty soil","display_name":"Experimental study on mechanical and hydraulic properties of xanthan gum improved low liquid limit silty soil","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396885232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38744968","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11094184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101989152","display_name":"Xutao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-8933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xutao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China","School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China. zhangxutao@lcu.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China. zhangxutao@lcu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102664448","display_name":"Wenyue Cao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyue Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320906","display_name":"Xiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-6856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-6856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China","School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China. zhangxutao@lcu.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China. zhangxutao@lcu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101989152"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2590},"fwci":3.8758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94194615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"11072","last_page":"11072"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13596","display_name":"Grouting, Rheology, and Soil Mechanics","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xanthan-gum","display_name":"xanthan gum","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-improvement","display_name":"soil improvement","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconfined-compressive-strength","display_name":"unconfined compressive strength","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permeability-coefficient","display_name":"permeability coefficient","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-disintegration","display_name":"soil disintegration","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curing-time","display_name":"curing time","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-dosage","display_name":"polymer dosage","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-properties","display_name":"hydraulic properties","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780100132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410768","display_name":"Xanthan gum","level":3,"score":0.878964900970459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116973930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143620","display_name":"Atterberg limits","level":3,"score":0.7229426503181458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161222754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270699","display_name":"Silt","level":2,"score":0.5257763862609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5137849450111389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132976073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991861","display_name":"Curing (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5044552087783813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5024607181549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.4931151568889618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120882062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352","display_name":"Permeability (electromagnetism)","level":3,"score":0.4700799286365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.43119657039642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3940911889076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.32432717084884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.2831723690032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2526724338531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24092787504196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.0932912528514862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11094184","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11094184","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11094184/pdf/41598_2024_Article_61875.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38744968","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38744968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:73275b4b1a6140b78975b73e2f149d88","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/73275b4b1a6140b78975b73e2f149d88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-61875-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4578918765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2022ME060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396885232.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396885232.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W258969572","https://openalex.org/W1975771159","https://openalex.org/W1994015277","https://openalex.org/W2029219506","https://openalex.org/W2051645733","https://openalex.org/W2076957916","https://openalex.org/W2132890956","https://openalex.org/W2188386976","https://openalex.org/W2294347688","https://openalex.org/W2511096008","https://openalex.org/W2559970357","https://openalex.org/W2565894113","https://openalex.org/W2762590751","https://openalex.org/W2769775044","https://openalex.org/W2799356949","https://openalex.org/W2897403770","https://openalex.org/W2996324040","https://openalex.org/W3015397729","https://openalex.org/W3031642987","https://openalex.org/W3035596001","https://openalex.org/W3036858228","https://openalex.org/W3093182008","https://openalex.org/W3114992541","https://openalex.org/W3152915914","https://openalex.org/W3161159840","https://openalex.org/W3178552280","https://openalex.org/W3186180709","https://openalex.org/W3200072383","https://openalex.org/W4206041915","https://openalex.org/W4283464602","https://openalex.org/W4283779681","https://openalex.org/W4295972126","https://openalex.org/W4299726037","https://openalex.org/W4386129564","https://openalex.org/W4386390078","https://openalex.org/W4388230658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7211922168","https://openalex.org/W7208709718","https://openalex.org/W4399915237","https://openalex.org/W4391906149","https://openalex.org/W3093182008","https://openalex.org/W4282977134","https://openalex.org/W4385785454","https://openalex.org/W4310496893","https://openalex.org/W4412175423","https://openalex.org/W3086113822"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,62,106,135,187],"low":[2,31,55,130,227],"liquid":[3,32,56,131,228],"limit":[4,33,57,132,229],"silty":[5,34,58,80,96,133,140,167,230],"soil":[6,59,97,141,168,182,212],"in":[7,85,176],"the":[8,28,48,75,83,90,125,170,181,194,198,206,211,215,220,226],"North":[9],"China":[10],"plain":[11,166],"area":[12],"is":[13],"generally":[14],"unsuitable":[15],"for":[16,178],"direct":[17],"use":[18],"as":[19,40,69],"roadbed":[20],"and":[21,87,101,109,114,127,149,208,222],"slope":[22],"soil.":[23,81,134,231],"In":[24,118],"order":[25],"to":[26,99,104],"improve":[27,74,100,124,205],"performance":[29],"of":[30,46,51,79,94,129,138,145,163,165,201,210,225],"soil,":[35],"xanthan":[36,52],"gum":[37,53,68,121,148,203],"was":[38,60,154,160],"used":[39],"an":[41,70],"improver.":[42],"Through":[43],"a":[44,143,150],"series":[45],"tests,":[47],"improvement":[49],"effect":[50],"on":[54],"studied.":[61],"test":[63],"results":[64],"showed":[65,192],"that":[66,164,193],"Xanthan":[67,120,147,202],"improver":[71],"could":[72,122,204],"significantly":[73,218],"unconfined":[76,91],"compressive":[77,92],"strength":[78,93],"With":[82],"increase":[84],"dosage":[86,108],"curing":[88,110,152,172],"age,":[89],"improved":[95,139],"continued":[98],"eventually":[102],"tended":[103],"stabilize.":[105],"optimal":[107],"period":[111,153],"were":[112],"2%":[113],"7":[115],"days,":[116],"respectively.":[117],"addition,":[119],"greatly":[123],"permeability":[126,136],"disintegration":[128],"coefficient":[137],"with":[142],"content":[144],"0.75%":[146],"7-day":[151],"4.73":[155],"\u00d7":[156],"10\u22124":[157],"m\u00b7s\u22121,":[158],"which":[159],"only":[161,183],"1.10%":[162],"at":[169],"same":[171],"period.":[173],"After":[174],"immersion":[175],"water":[177],"12":[179],"h,":[180],"experienced":[184],"slight":[185],"disintegration.":[186],"scanning":[188],"electron":[189],"microscope":[190],"image":[191],"gel":[195],"generated":[196],"by":[197,213],"hydration":[199],"reaction":[200],"compactness":[207],"integrity":[209],"filling":[214],"voids,":[216],"thus":[217],"improving":[219],"mechanical":[221],"hydraulic":[223],"properties":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-05-15T00:00:00"}