{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396859321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17480-23","title":"Leader Bagging Improves Lateral Branching and Cropping Potential of \u2018Gala\u2019 and \u2018WA 38\u2019 Apple during Orchard Establishment","display_name":"Leader Bagging Improves Lateral Branching and Cropping Potential of \u2018Gala\u2019 and \u2018WA 38\u2019 Apple during Orchard Establishment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396859321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17480-23"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21273/hortsci17480-23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17480-23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17480-23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183652945","display_name":"HortScience","issn_l":"0018-5345","issn":["0018-5345","2327-9834"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HortScience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17480-23","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007704349","display_name":"Annie R. Vogel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-8182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-8182"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annie R. Vogel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 455 Research Drive, Mills River, NC 28759, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 455 Research Drive, Mills River, NC 28759, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109715534","display_name":"Byron Phillips","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byron Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wilbur-Ellis, Co., 1280 S. Wenatchee Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wilbur-Ellis, Co., 1280 S. Wenatchee Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077532012","display_name":"Christopher D. Clavet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher D. Clavet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 455 Research Drive, Mills River, NC 28759, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 455 Research Drive, Mills River, NC 28759, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010716087","display_name":"Thomas M. Kon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M. Kon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 455 Research Drive, Mills River, NC 28759, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 455 Research Drive, Mills River, NC 28759, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":0.2074,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42988494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"6","first_page":"833","last_page":"839"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12834","display_name":"Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-branching","display_name":"lateral branching","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apple","display_name":"apple","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gala-apple","display_name":"Gala apple","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/6-benzyladenine","display_name":"6-benzyladenine","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gibberellic-acid","display_name":"gibberellic acid","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-regulators","display_name":"plant growth regulators","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchard-establishment","display_name":"orchard establishment","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-density-orchards","display_name":"high-density orchards","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-set","display_name":"fruit set","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bearing-surfaces","display_name":"bearing surfaces","score":0.6700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780753983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236371","display_name":"Orchard","level":2,"score":0.8874613642692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.6628944873809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.5112557411193848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5029327273368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206175624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595731","display_name":"Branching (polymer chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4192025363445282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.38158634305000305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.34646981954574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.14843636751174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08497342467308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.06255650520324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21273/hortsci17480-23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17480-23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17480-23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183652945","display_name":"HortScience","issn_l":"0018-5345","issn":["0018-5345","2327-9834"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HortScience","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8bd2ec8a149541cb8f730efabaa5b2d9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8bd2ec8a149541cb8f730efabaa5b2d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"HortScience, Vol 59, Iss 6 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21273/hortsci17480-23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17480-23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17480-23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183652945","display_name":"HortScience","issn_l":"0018-5345","issn":["0018-5345","2327-9834"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HortScience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135835777","https://openalex.org/W349030051","https://openalex.org/W1828294835","https://openalex.org/W1981040068","https://openalex.org/W1982104247","https://openalex.org/W2002588912","https://openalex.org/W2034161320","https://openalex.org/W2034869042","https://openalex.org/W2055701463","https://openalex.org/W2166934919","https://openalex.org/W2181976445","https://openalex.org/W2182241734","https://openalex.org/W2183622169","https://openalex.org/W2185690253","https://openalex.org/W2188214880","https://openalex.org/W2325309349","https://openalex.org/W2328956600","https://openalex.org/W2338799827","https://openalex.org/W2343797158","https://openalex.org/W2395441537","https://openalex.org/W2468645346","https://openalex.org/W2476681399","https://openalex.org/W2529129290","https://openalex.org/W2532328100","https://openalex.org/W2589644811","https://openalex.org/W2591136908","https://openalex.org/W2593002882","https://openalex.org/W2730909224","https://openalex.org/W2753830857","https://openalex.org/W2891637132","https://openalex.org/W3024639993","https://openalex.org/W3033500761","https://openalex.org/W3111623152","https://openalex.org/W4289843517","https://openalex.org/W4376112610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2532328100","https://openalex.org/W2188214880","https://openalex.org/W2356745268","https://openalex.org/W3038498633","https://openalex.org/W2529129290","https://openalex.org/W2320931634","https://openalex.org/W2940572982","https://openalex.org/W2090847230","https://openalex.org/W2138499317","https://openalex.org/W2092745159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inadequate":[0],"lateral":[1,32,67,86,111,175,191,227],"branch":[2,87,112,124,192],"development":[3,88,219],"can":[4],"lead":[5],"to":[6,30,59,65,115,121,127,205,213,225],"decreased":[7],"apple":[8,38,230],"(":[9],"Malus":[10],"\u00d7":[11],"domestica":[12],"Borkh.)":[13],"orchard":[14,21],"productivity":[15],"and":[16,53,70,77,129,145,155,161,165,177],"profitability":[17],"in":[18,45,151,173,217],"modern":[19],"high-density":[20],"systems.":[22],"Although":[23],"plant":[24],"growth":[25],"regulator":[26],"applications":[27],"are":[28],"used":[29],"increase":[31,66],"branching":[33,176,228],"on":[34,85],"leaders":[35,91],"of":[36,72,89,118,135,139,198,220,229],"young":[37],"trees,":[39,107,153],"inconsistent":[40],"responses":[41,212],"have":[42],"been":[43],"observed":[44],"the":[46,136,140,159,180,196,207,218],"southeastern":[47],"United":[48],"States.":[49],"In":[50],"North":[51],"Carolina":[52],"Washington,":[54],"three":[55],"experiments":[56],"were":[57,92,149,170,183],"conducted":[58],"identify":[60],"effective":[61,190],"leader":[62,73,97,108],"management":[63],"strategies":[64],"branching.":[68],"Effects":[69],"interactions":[71,178],"bagging,":[74],"6-benzyladenine":[75],"(6-BA),":[76],"6-BA":[78,164,166],"+":[79,167],"gibberellic":[80],"acid":[81],"(GA":[82],"4+7":[83,169],")":[84],"1-year-old":[90],"evaluated.":[93],"Across":[94],"all":[95],"experiments,":[96],"bagging":[98,109,187,214],"was":[99,188],"an":[100,189],"influential":[101],"factor.":[102],"When":[103],"compared":[104],"with":[105],"unbagged":[106],"increased":[110,150],"number":[113,117],"(20%":[114],"48%),":[116],"feathers":[119],"(74%":[120],"125%),":[122],"average":[123],"length":[125],"(28%":[126],"34%),":[128],"total":[130],"linear":[131],"bearing":[132],"surface":[133],"(428%)":[134],"treated":[137],"section":[138],"leader.":[141],"Blossom":[142],"cluster":[143],"density":[144],"final":[146],"fruit":[147],"set":[148],"bagged":[152,208],"65%":[154],"36%,":[156],"respectively.":[157],"At":[158],"rates":[160],"timings":[162],"tested,":[163],"GA":[168],"generally":[171],"ineffective":[172],"stimulating":[174],"among":[179],"factors":[181],"evaluated":[182],"not":[184],"influential.":[185],"Leader":[186],"induction":[193],"strategy,":[194],"although":[195],"mechanism":[197],"action":[199],"is":[200],"poorly":[201],"understood.":[202],"Future":[203],"research":[204],"characterize":[206],"environment":[209],"and/or":[210],"physiological":[211],"may":[215],"aid":[216],"future":[221],"environmentally":[222],"sustainable":[223],"technologies":[224],"stimulate":[226],"trees.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-05-14T00:00:00"}