{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396853597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521395","title":"CHAPS-D: The Compact Hyperspectral Air Pollution Sensor\u2013Demonstrator","display_name":"CHAPS-D: The Compact Hyperspectral Air Pollution Sensor\u2013Demonstrator","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396853597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171417","display_name":"IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","issn_l":"1095-323X","issn":["1095-323X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Aerospace Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Benjamin Stewart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068166648","display_name":"W. H. Swartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-7189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-7189"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William H. Swartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Frank Morgan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059784400","display_name":"Walter R. Zimbeck","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Zimbeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102663872","display_name":"Trevor Palmer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trevor Palmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080384791","display_name":"Joseph J. Linden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Linden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097982467","display_name":"Ryan Newport","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Newport","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042682017","display_name":"Jake Strang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-5038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-5038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jake Strang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory,Laurel,Maryland,USA,20723","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014659595","display_name":"Gerard C. J. Otter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard Otter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO),Delft,Netherlands,2628 CK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO),Delft,Netherlands,2628 CK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067944837","display_name":"Floris van Kempen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Floris Van Kempen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO),Delft,Netherlands,2628 CK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO),Delft,Netherlands,2628 CK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000258153","display_name":"Sanne J. van den Boom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-2596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-2596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanne Van De Boom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO),Delft,Netherlands,2628 CK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO),Delft,Netherlands,2628 CK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108928647","display_name":"Ivan Ferrario","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148297040","display_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjb948","country_code":"NL","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Ferrario","raw_affiliation_strings":["Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO),Delft,Netherlands,2628 CK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO),Delft,Netherlands,2628 CK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148297040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07252799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.6528000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.6528000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.08500000089406967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12917","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysical Research","score":0.0843999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaps","display_name":"CHAPS","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imager","display_name":"hyperspectral imager","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cubesat","display_name":"CubeSat","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-trace-gases","display_name":"atmospheric trace gases","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-dioxide","display_name":"nitrogen dioxide","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freeform-optics","display_name":"freeform optics","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology-optimization","display_name":"topology optimization","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-manufacturing","display_name":"additive manufacturing","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalmalloy","display_name":"Scalmalloy","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrument-miniaturization","display_name":"instrument miniaturization","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aircraft-flight-testing","display_name":"aircraft flight testing","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-satellite-instrumentation","display_name":"small satellite instrumentation","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-readiness-level","display_name":"technology readiness level","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142930","display_name":"CubeSat","level":3,"score":0.8216902017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6355282068252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.5723792314529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.5137325525283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.47665268182754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4746045470237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42948147654533386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124967146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457898","display_name":"Spectral resolution","level":3,"score":0.41973596811294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.4159693121910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23302528262138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21495217084884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.19418540596961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16672933101654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10098695755004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171417","display_name":"IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)","issn_l":"1095-323X","issn":["1095-323X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Aerospace Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oai-pmh.tno.nl:59197","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.tno.nl/uuid:6af324aa-5bdd-4e06-bdad-fb063825812d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055233","display_name":"TNO Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981545676","https://openalex.org/W1996713384","https://openalex.org/W2000664327","https://openalex.org/W2020729558","https://openalex.org/W2027404493","https://openalex.org/W2155829461","https://openalex.org/W2942913183","https://openalex.org/W3084033395","https://openalex.org/W3121652428","https://openalex.org/W3201195983","https://openalex.org/W4319781910","https://openalex.org/W4321020522"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322010107","https://openalex.org/W3201195983","https://openalex.org/W3084033395","https://openalex.org/W4386740861","https://openalex.org/W3189722566","https://openalex.org/W7018055388","https://openalex.org/W2527645159","https://openalex.org/W816422485","https://openalex.org/W7213414436","https://openalex.org/W4306411225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Targeted":[0],"observations":[1],"of":[2,19,43,51,79,121,140,154,165,214,224,231,249,268,293,300,325],"atmospheric":[3,315],"trace":[4],"gases":[5],"at":[6,162],"high":[7],"spatial":[8,138],"resolution":[9,139],"are":[10],"important":[11],"for":[12,34,95,105,114,148,198,288],"characterizing":[13],"the":[14,49,63,77,103,112,195,225,236,244,254,269,280],"sources,":[15],"distribution,":[16],"and":[17,57,74,81,86,136,212,219,239,246,274,313],"evolution":[18],"anthropogenic":[20],"pollution.":[21],"The":[22,157,221,302,322],"Compact":[23],"Hyperspectral":[24],"Air":[25,311],"Pollution":[26],"Sensor":[27],"(CHAPS)":[28],"is":[29,286],"an":[30,152,163,289],"imaging":[31,226],"spectrometer":[32,227],"designed":[33,258],"a":[35,115,127,137,172,229,250,266,308,331],"6U":[36,173],"CubeSat":[37,174,252],"to":[38,109,129,202],"fill":[39],"this":[40,44,106,199,326],"need.":[41],"Miniaturization":[42],"instrument":[45,98,108,177,272,282,303,327],"was":[46,256],"enabled":[47],"through":[48,186],"use":[50],"freeform":[52,232],"optics,":[53],"additive":[54],"manufacturing":[55,215],"(AM),":[56],"topology":[58,260],"optimization":[59],"(TO).":[60],"We":[61,169,191],"developed":[62],"CHAPS\u2013Demonstrator":[64],"(CHAPS-D)":[65],"with":[66,209,216,243],"support":[67],"from":[68,151],"NASA\u2019s":[69],"Earth":[70],"Science":[71],"Technology":[72],"Office":[73],"will":[75,160,304,329],"demonstrate":[76],"feasibility":[78],"AM":[80,181],"TO":[82,271],"in":[83,298],"reducing":[84],"volume":[85,178],"mass":[87],"while":[88],"advancing":[89],"its":[90,203],"technology":[91],"readiness":[92],"level":[93],"(TRL)":[94],"future":[96,332],"space":[97],"applications.The":[99],"CHAPS":[100,262],"team":[101,263],"selected":[102,147],"requirements":[104,113],"demonstrator":[107,159,283],"closely":[110,206],"match":[111],"space-borne":[116],"mission.":[117,335],"A":[118],"spectral":[119],"range":[120],"300-500":[122],"nm":[123],"(@":[124],"0.6-nm":[125],"resolution),":[126],"signal":[128],"noise":[130],"ratio":[131],"(SNR)":[132],"greater":[133],"than":[134],"500,":[135],"1":[141,144],"km":[142,145],"x":[143],"were":[146,184,277],"science-relevant":[149],"NO2measurements":[150],"orbit":[153],"400-600":[155],"km.":[156,168],"airborne":[158],"fly":[161],"altitude":[164],"roughly":[166],"8":[167],"have":[170],"self-imposed":[171],"payload":[175],"total":[176],"constraint.":[179],"Several":[180],"metal":[182],"alloys":[183],"evaluated":[185],"initial":[187,270],"material":[188],"property":[189],"studies.":[190],"chose":[192],"Scalmalloy":[193],"as":[194],"ideal":[196],"candidate":[197],"application":[200],"due":[201],"structural":[204,247],"integrity,":[205],"matched":[207],"CTE":[208],"aluminum":[210],"6061,":[211],"ease":[213],"existing":[217],"processes":[218],"equipment.":[220],"optical":[222,237],"design":[223,238],"employs":[228],"number":[230],"elements.":[233],"After":[234],"establishing":[235],"stability":[240],"requirements,":[241],"along":[242],"thermal":[245],"constraints":[248],"typical":[251],"environment,":[253],"structure":[255],"algorithmically":[257],"using":[259],"optimization.The":[261],"environmentally":[264],"tested":[265],"prototype":[267],"design,":[273],"lessons":[275],"learned":[276],"incorporated":[278],"into":[279,307],"final":[281],"design.":[284],"CHAPS-D":[285],"scheduled":[287],"aircraft":[290],"flight":[291],"out":[292],"NASA":[294,309],"Langley":[295],"Research":[296],"Center":[297],"summer":[299],"2024.":[301],"be":[305],"mounted":[306],"King":[310],"B200":[312],"take":[314],"science":[316],"data":[317],"over":[318],"major":[319],"population":[320],"centers.":[321],"successful":[323],"demonstration":[324],"concept":[328],"enable":[330],"small":[333],"satellite":[334]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2024-05-14T00:00:00"}
