{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396853285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fnwf58287.2023.10520445","title":"INGR Roadmap Connecting the Unconnected Chapter","display_name":"INGR Roadmap Connecting the Unconnected Chapter","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396853285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fnwf58287.2023.10520445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/fnwf58287.2023.10520445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fnwf58287.2023.10520445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fnwf58287.2023.10520445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087054","display_name":"IEEE Future Networks World Forum (FNWF)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Future Networks World Forum (FNWF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113995633","display_name":"Sudhir Dixit","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263636","display_name":"Wireless World Research Forum","ror":"https://ror.org/04543bw77","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263636"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["CH","FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudhir Dixit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Basic Internet Foundation, Norway","University of Oulu, Finland","Wireless World Research Forum"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Basic Internet Foundation, Norway","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless World Research Forum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103347817","display_name":"Ashutosh Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-9395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-9395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802946424","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/029pp9z10","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashutosh Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University,Applied Physics Labs,USA","Applied Physics Labs, Johns Hopkins University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University,Applied Physics Labs,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Physics Labs, Johns Hopkins University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2802946424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059248852","display_name":"Sandeep R. Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-4411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-4411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43909382","display_name":"Centre for Development of Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03db92766","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43909382"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["C-DoT, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C-DoT, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43909382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marvin Arias Olivas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091878","display_name":"National University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00brc6r59","country_code":"NI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091878"]}],"countries":["NI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marvin Arias Olivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Engineering, Nicaragua"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Engineering, Nicaragua","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091878"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050580025","display_name":"Vimal Bhatia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-6643","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-6643"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimal Bhatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061649152","display_name":"Carlos Daniel Altamirano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-1667","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3123-1667"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118946981","display_name":"Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE","ror":"https://ror.org/05j136930","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118946981"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Daniel Altamirano Carrillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118946981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022630485","display_name":"Pranav Jha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-6008","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-6008"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav Jha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034852300","display_name":"Jabhera Matogoro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28285804","display_name":"The University of Dodoma","ror":"https://ror.org/009n8zh45","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28285804"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matogoro Jabhera","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Dodoma, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Dodoma, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28285804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068509118","display_name":"Amit Kumar Karna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-3534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-3534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43909382","display_name":"Centre for Development of Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/03db92766","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43909382"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Karna","raw_affiliation_strings":["C-DoT, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C-DoT, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43909382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119804062","display_name":"Sanjram Premjit Khanganba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6215-7500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6215-7500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjram Premjit Khanganba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041931937","display_name":"Catherine Kimambo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Kimambo","raw_affiliation_strings":["African Childs Project, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"African Childs Project, Tanzania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059483634","display_name":"Rom\u00e1n Lara-Cueva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-9928","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-9928"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118946981","display_name":"Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE","ror":"https://ror.org/05j136930","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118946981"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Lara-Cueva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118946981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097982446","display_name":"Marja Martinmikko-Blue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marja Martinmikko-Blue","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108523299","display_name":"Fisseha Mekuria","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fisseha Mekuria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014302776","display_name":"Apurva N. Mody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-4956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-4956"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apurva Mody","raw_affiliation_strings":["A5 Systems LLC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A5 Systems LLC","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035498627","display_name":"Nelson Wasilwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nelson Wasilwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Authority of Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Authority of Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076135193","display_name":"Brad Kloza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brad Kloza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097927878","display_name":"Craig Polk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Polk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005877188","display_name":"Matt Borst","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Borst","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":8,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1714,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.842653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.8920999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.8920999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.06379999965429306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.02070000022649765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-connectivity","display_name":"rural connectivity","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5g","display_name":"5G","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beyond-5g","display_name":"beyond 5G","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-standardization","display_name":"network standardization","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-allocation","display_name":"spectrum allocation","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"renewable energy","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-computer-interaction","display_name":"human-computer interaction","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-inclusion","display_name":"digital inclusion","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-cost-reduction","display_name":"network cost reduction","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-gap","display_name":"technology gap","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-coordination","display_name":"stakeholder coordination","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5760881304740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5422661304473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5299524068832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775899829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109007","display_name":"Globe","level":2,"score":0.5262938141822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.46950626373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.46223220229148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.45564067363739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.454128623008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.45248252153396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4292415380477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4112658202648163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4089231789112091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3878352642059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33998918533325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.23247414827346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.20973116159439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/fnwf58287.2023.10520445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fnwf58287.2023.10520445","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/fnwf58287.2023.10520445","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087054","display_name":"IEEE Future Networks World Forum (FNWF)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Future Networks World Forum (FNWF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6366999745368958}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548659584","https://openalex.org/W1881643252","https://openalex.org/W2043242561","https://openalex.org/W2076145503","https://openalex.org/W2123393529","https://openalex.org/W2296478341","https://openalex.org/W2560236091","https://openalex.org/W2567049646","https://openalex.org/W2567578960","https://openalex.org/W2753986375","https://openalex.org/W2767144201","https://openalex.org/W2795205669","https://openalex.org/W2899493538","https://openalex.org/W2905384023","https://openalex.org/W2951838629","https://openalex.org/W2996785607","https://openalex.org/W3008259531","https://openalex.org/W3120586454","https://openalex.org/W3123269824","https://openalex.org/W3133324098","https://openalex.org/W3147446137","https://openalex.org/W6764405549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7138882757","https://openalex.org/W4402830476","https://openalex.org/W3118867656","https://openalex.org/W2764435708","https://openalex.org/W2764467498","https://openalex.org/W4320148069","https://openalex.org/W4293190848","https://openalex.org/W3087860880","https://openalex.org/W4206636310","https://openalex.org/W2792016562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Connecting":[0],"the":[1,7,12,20,43,69,79,83,92,97,100,114,153,160,170,215,218,227,244,255,267,275,279,283,294,309,333,339,342,349,365,394,410,414,474,496,504,513,517,522,537,547,565,579,587],"Unconnected":[2],"or":[3,387,439],"under-connected":[4],"(CTU)":[5],"is":[6,199,214,402,434,441,464,529],"holy":[8],"grail":[9],"of":[10,14,62,99,177,183,217,266,282,296,341,404,413,422,436,449,477,516,541,567],"transforming":[11],"lives":[13],"over":[15],"3":[16],"billion":[17],"people":[18,382],"around":[19,152],"globe":[21],"with":[22],"wireless":[23],"internet":[24,121,138],"who":[25,383],"are":[26,146,156,318,322,376,384,388,470,550],"yet":[27],"to":[28,53,58,77,81,120,137,165,168,187,190,205,208,210,221,237,290,292,327,336,344,352,359,363,367,416,452,492,502,509,512,524,532,590],"experience":[29],"its":[30,40,107],"value":[31],"in":[32,86,91,96,302,356,429,455,536],"multiple":[33],"ways.":[34],"If":[35],"this":[36,142,444],"could":[37],"be":[38,46,132,166,206,328,345,353,360,453,533],"accomplished,":[39],"impact":[41,169],"on":[42,141],"society":[44],"would":[45,50,203],"enormous":[47],"as":[48,122,553],"everyone":[49,140],"have":[51,489],"access":[52,119,136,463],"information":[54],"and":[55,64,88,95,103,126,149,158,163,175,234,242,249,261,270,286,304,312,315,330,355,396,419,458,466,468,498,508,595],"an":[56,223,485],"opportunity":[57],"improve":[59],"their":[60,231,250],"quality":[61],"life":[63],"income.":[65],"This":[66,252],"chapter":[67],"from":[68,586],"IEEE":[70],"Future":[71],"Networks":[72],"CTU":[73,84,219,256,284],"Working":[74],"Group":[75],"endeavors":[76],"highlight":[78],"need":[80,204,326,366,523],"consider":[82],"requirements":[85],"5G":[87,457],"B5G":[89,459],"networks":[90],"standardization":[93],"process":[94],"development":[98],"use":[101,393],"cases":[102],"affordable":[104,135,465],"solutions.":[105],"In":[106,347],"Vision":[108],"2030":[109],"SDG":[110],"(Sustainability":[111],"Development":[112],"Goals)":[113],"United":[115],"Nations":[116],"has":[117,127],"proclaimed":[118],"basic":[123,195],"human":[124,370],"right":[125],"said":[128],"these":[129,155],"goals":[130],"cannot":[131],"achieved":[133],"without":[134],"by":[139,181,456,473,572],"planet[65].":[143],"While":[144,320],"there":[145,433],"numerous":[147],"projects":[148,241],"initiatives":[150],"ongoing":[151],"world,":[154],"fragmented":[157],"lack":[159,435],"critical":[161],"mass":[162],"coordination":[164],"able":[167],"future":[171],"standards,":[172],"product":[173],"development,":[174],"cost":[176,340],"deployment":[178,428],"otherwise":[179],"achievable":[180],"economy":[182],"scale.":[184],"Although":[185,479],"difficult":[186],"pin":[188],"down,":[189],"define":[191],"a":[192,263,447,530,582],"threshold":[193],"for":[194,197,494,546],"connectivity":[196],"all":[198],"important.":[200],"But":[201],"it":[202,440],"flexible":[207,405],"adapt":[209],"changing":[211],"times.":[212],"It":[213],"goal":[216],"group":[220],"create":[222,238],"open":[224],"platform":[225],"where":[226,287,432],"experts":[228],"can":[229,391],"bring":[230,337],"ideas,":[232],"solutions,":[233],"potentially":[235],"collaborate":[236],"large":[239],"global":[240],"influence":[243],"network":[245,343],"service":[246,568],"providers,":[247,569],"manufacturers":[248],"governments.":[251],"paper":[253,276,445,580],"defines":[254],"working":[257],"group's":[258],"charter,":[259],"scope,":[260],"provides":[262],"brief":[264],"overview":[265],"relevant":[268,354],"stakeholders":[269],"linkages":[271],"between":[272],"them.":[273],"Then":[274],"goes":[277],"into":[278],"current":[280,588],"status":[281],"landscape":[285],"we":[288],"want":[289],"reach":[291,418],"accomplish":[293],"vision":[295],"connecting":[297],"everybody,":[298],"especially":[299,544],"those":[300],"living":[301],"rural":[303,497,548],"remote":[305,430,499],"areas.":[306],"We":[307],"present":[308],"various":[310],"standards":[311],"industry":[313],"fora":[314],"how":[316],"they":[317,325],"interlinked.":[319],"technologies":[321],"available":[323],"today,":[324],"customized":[329],"optimized":[331],"at":[332,409],"systems":[334],"level":[335],"down":[338],"affordable.":[346],"addition,":[348],"content":[350,467],"needs":[351],"local":[357],"languages":[358],"useful,":[361],"not":[362,377,385],"mention":[364],"offer":[368],"innovative":[369,526],"computer":[371],"interaction":[372],"(HCI)":[373],"solutions":[374],"(that":[375],"text":[378],"based)":[379],"so":[380],"that":[381,403,462],"literate":[386],"digitally":[389],"disadvantaged":[390],"easily":[392],"devices":[395],"consume":[397],"services.":[398],"Another":[399],"important":[400],"area":[401],"spectrum":[406,415],"allocation":[407],"regime":[408],"lower":[411],"range":[412],"increase":[417],"coverage.":[420],"Use":[421],"renewable":[423],"energy":[424],"sources":[425],"will":[426],"enable":[427],"areas":[431],"power":[437],"grid,":[438],"intermittent.":[442],"Thus,":[443],"identifies":[446],"number":[448,540],"technology":[450],"gaps":[451],"filled":[454],"networks,":[460],"such":[461,542,552],"services":[469,507],"actually":[471],"consumed":[472],"targeted":[475],"set":[476],"users.":[478,519],"hitherto":[480],"unexplored,":[481],"artificial":[482],"intelligence":[483],"(AI)":[484],"machine":[486],"learning":[487],"(ML)":[488],"tremendous":[490],"role":[491],"play":[493],"serving":[495],"communities":[500],"both":[501],"deliver":[503],"most":[505],"needed":[506],"customize":[510],"them":[511],"digital":[514],"capacity":[515],"end":[518],"Technology":[520],"aside,":[521],"develop":[525],"business":[527],"models":[528],"must":[531],"commercially":[534],"sustainable":[535],"long-term.":[538],"A":[539],"models,":[543],"designed":[545],"population,":[549],"proposed,":[551],"Village":[554],"Level":[555],"Entrepreneur":[556],"(VLE)":[557],"Freemium":[558],"(Free":[559],"+":[560],"Premium),":[561],"revenue":[562],"sharing":[563],"among":[564],"chain":[566],"subsidized":[570],"billing":[571],"USOF":[573],"(Universal":[574],"Service":[575],"Obligation":[576],"Funds).":[577],"Finally,":[578],"presents":[581],"10-year":[583],"roadmap":[584],"starting":[585],"state":[589],"three":[591],"years,":[592,594],"five":[593],"ten":[596],"years.":[597]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2024-05-14T00:00:00"}