{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396830991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","title":"Super-enhancer interactomes from single cells link clustering and transcription","display_name":"Super-enhancer interactomes from single cells link clustering and transcription","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396830991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38766104","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11100725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103694477","display_name":"Derek J. Le","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derek J. Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","These authors contributed equally","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"These authors contributed equally","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042953301","display_name":"Antonina Hafner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-5227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4927-5227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonina Hafner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","These authors contributed equally","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"These authors contributed equally","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035769655","display_name":"Sadhana Gaddam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6477-0483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6477-0483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadhana Gaddam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041332430","display_name":"Ke Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-6791","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-6791"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin C. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079862746","display_name":"Alistair\u00a0Nicol Boettiger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-5196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-5196"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alistair N. Boettiger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","Lead contact","Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3554-5196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lead contact","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079862746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10222","display_name":"Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10222","display_name":"Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12820","display_name":"Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/super-enhancers","display_name":"super-enhancers","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-genome-organization","display_name":"3D genome organization","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-cell-imaging","display_name":"single-cell imaging","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcriptional-bursts","display_name":"transcriptional bursts","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-compartmentalization","display_name":"nuclear compartmentalization","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhancer-promoter-interactions","display_name":"enhancer-promoter interactions","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcriptional-regulation","display_name":"transcriptional regulation","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111936080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913367","display_name":"Enhancer","level":4,"score":0.7806003093719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5614961385726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5423700213432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.525615394115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5074262022972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4587036371231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179926584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207714","display_name":"Transcription (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4559027850627899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.39364153146743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3682623505592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.2115209996700287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16394180059432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08986100554466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmid:38766104","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38766104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11100725","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11100725","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11100725/pdf/nihpp-2024.05.08.593251v1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.08.593251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2911450482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGE-165651 8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5267932457","display_name":"Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP)","funder_award_id":"1656518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5462171940","display_name":"URoL: Epigenetics 2: Connecting cell fate and epigenome drift through physical models of chromatin structure and dynamics","funder_award_id":"2022182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8923122095","display_name":"Live-cell multiplex super-resolution imaging of chromatin state transitions","funder_award_id":"U01DK127419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000870024","display_name":"Leveraging innovative technologies in basic and clinical cancer research","funder_award_id":"T32CA009302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396830991.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396830991.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W655820313","https://openalex.org/W1916919897","https://openalex.org/W1971578941","https://openalex.org/W2004966039","https://openalex.org/W2050090238","https://openalex.org/W2077122170","https://openalex.org/W2089798080","https://openalex.org/W2097798909","https://openalex.org/W2102689239","https://openalex.org/W2134549313","https://openalex.org/W2143593606","https://openalex.org/W2170551349","https://openalex.org/W2171808845","https://openalex.org/W2488849172","https://openalex.org/W2525840584","https://openalex.org/W2557493613","https://openalex.org/W2558827688","https://openalex.org/W2594764564","https://openalex.org/W2603000633","https://openalex.org/W2761461280","https://openalex.org/W2765567136","https://openalex.org/W2786174959","https://openalex.org/W2790193774","https://openalex.org/W2806123558","https://openalex.org/W2808847099","https://openalex.org/W2809057270","https://openalex.org/W2809265915","https://openalex.org/W2812344549","https://openalex.org/W2884101170","https://openalex.org/W2894289085","https://openalex.org/W2897970825","https://openalex.org/W2905183150","https://openalex.org/W2921773684","https://openalex.org/W2949213644","https://openalex.org/W2961406494","https://openalex.org/W2968775930","https://openalex.org/W2971821708","https://openalex.org/W2974980872","https://openalex.org/W2989669660","https://openalex.org/W3009515669","https://openalex.org/W3015099573","https://openalex.org/W3048920099","https://openalex.org/W3050508217","https://openalex.org/W3098082315","https://openalex.org/W3111521801","https://openalex.org/W3112289427","https://openalex.org/W3125488134","https://openalex.org/W3133363356","https://openalex.org/W3148301852","https://openalex.org/W3161556485","https://openalex.org/W3176932752","https://openalex.org/W3193986928","https://openalex.org/W3195004469","https://openalex.org/W3198476511","https://openalex.org/W3209371735","https://openalex.org/W3216709207","https://openalex.org/W4200478694","https://openalex.org/W4210961417","https://openalex.org/W4214547172","https://openalex.org/W4223425115","https://openalex.org/W4281563303","https://openalex.org/W4281976431","https://openalex.org/W4294018292","https://openalex.org/W4322154743","https://openalex.org/W4362475549","https://openalex.org/W4368363438","https://openalex.org/W4377015870","https://openalex.org/W4379792586","https://openalex.org/W4385973422","https://openalex.org/W4390672896","https://openalex.org/W4392803513","https://openalex.org/W4393219035","https://openalex.org/W4394770198","https://openalex.org/W4396721307","https://openalex.org/W4396894869","https://openalex.org/W7001156676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7203642328","https://openalex.org/W4413301814","https://openalex.org/W4411924365","https://openalex.org/W7134278475","https://openalex.org/W4308543293","https://openalex.org/W4297980264","https://openalex.org/W4378471572","https://openalex.org/W4403214067","https://openalex.org/W3001382656","https://openalex.org/W2952336494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Regulation":[0],"of":[1,68,73,106,146],"gene":[2],"expression":[3],"hinges":[4],"on":[5,140],"the":[6,48,65,103,130,144],"interplay":[7],"between":[8,50],"enhancers":[9],"and":[10,26,52,111,121],"promoters,":[11],"traditionally":[12],"explored":[13],"through":[14],"pairwise":[15],"analyses.":[16],"Recent":[17],"advancements":[18],"in":[19,44,133,143],"mapping":[20],"genome":[21],"folding,":[22],"like":[23],"GAM,":[24],"SPRITE,":[25],"multi-contact":[27],"Hi-C,":[28],"have":[29,39],"uncovered":[30],"multi-way":[31],"interactions":[32],"among":[33],"super-enhancers":[34],"(SEs),":[35],"spanning":[36],"megabases,":[37],"yet":[38],"not":[40],"measured":[41],"their":[42],"frequency":[43],"single":[45,134],"cells":[46,135],"or":[47],"relationship":[49],"clustering":[51,142],"transcription.":[53],"To":[54],"close":[55],"this":[56],"gap,":[57],"here":[58],"we":[59,92],"used":[60],"multiplexed":[61],"imaging":[62],"to":[63],"map":[64],"3D":[66],"positions":[67],"376":[69],"SEs":[70,87],"across":[71],"thousands":[72],"mammalian":[74],"nuclei.":[75],"Notably,":[76],"our":[77],"single-cell":[78],"images":[79],"reveal":[80],"that":[81,136],"while":[82],"SE-SE":[83],"contacts":[84],"are":[85,116],"rare,":[86],"often":[88],"form":[89],"looser":[90],"associations":[91],"termed":[93],"\"communities\".":[94],"These":[95],"communities,":[96],"averaging":[97],"4-5":[98],"SEs,":[99],"assemble":[100],"cooperatively":[101],"under":[102],"combined":[104],"effects":[105],"genomic":[107],"tethers,":[108],"Pol2":[109],"clustering,":[110],"nuclear":[112],"compartmentalization.":[113],"Larger":[114],"communities":[115],"associated":[117],"with":[118],"more":[119],"frequent":[120],"larger":[122],"transcriptional":[123,147],"bursts.":[124],"Our":[125],"work":[126],"provides":[127],"insights":[128],"about":[129],"SE":[131,141],"interactome":[132],"challenge":[137],"existing":[138],"hypotheses":[139],"context":[145],"regulation.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-05-12T00:00:00"}