{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396830653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12613","title":"\u201cAre you supposed to be here?\u201d: Formerly incarcerated men of color navigating positions of authority","display_name":"\u201cAre you supposed to be here?\u201d: Formerly incarcerated men of color navigating positions of authority","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396830653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/josi.12613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168863142","display_name":"Journal of Social Issues","issn_l":"0022-4537","issn":["0022-4537","1540-4560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Social Issues","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037177638","display_name":"Emily E. Crain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8947-3471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8947-3471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14588785","display_name":"William James College","ror":"https://ror.org/04asz2z59","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emily E. Crain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8947-3471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040001124","display_name":"Lindsey Sank Davis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14588785","display_name":"William James College","ror":"https://ror.org/04asz2z59","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindsey Sank Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA","Department of Psychology, Harvard University Extension School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Harvard University Extension School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083931206","display_name":"Gemima St. Louis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14588785","display_name":"William James College","ror":"https://ror.org/04asz2z59","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gemima St. Louis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hailey Jensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1595-4415","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1595-4415"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailey Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Harvard University Extension School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1595-4415","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Harvard University Extension School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103565089","display_name":"Isabel Robertson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097605436","display_name":"Gavin Meade","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14588785","display_name":"William James College","ror":"https://ror.org/04asz2z59","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gavin Meade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097660007","display_name":"Shantel Carrasco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14588785","display_name":"William James College","ror":"https://ror.org/04asz2z59","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shantel Carrasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychology, William James College, Newton, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097821466","display_name":"Dagney Overbey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dagney Overbey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102663462","display_name":"Lenox Alves","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lenox Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037177638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14588785"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8147,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84998148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":"2","first_page":"496","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formerly-incarcerated-men","display_name":"formerly incarcerated men","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-men","display_name":"Black men","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-men","display_name":"Hispanic men","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microaggressions","display_name":"microaggressions","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authority","display_name":"authority","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reentry","display_name":"reentry","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recidivism","display_name":"recidivism","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-incarceration","display_name":"mass incarceration","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination","display_name":"discrimination","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-race-theory","display_name":"critical race theory","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice-system","display_name":"criminal justice system","score":0.5730000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4762282967567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.4134103059768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3748684823513031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3572987914085388}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/josi.12613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12613","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168863142","display_name":"Journal of Social Issues","issn_l":"0022-4537","issn":["0022-4537","1540-4560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Social Issues","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8141000270843506,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W566158771","https://openalex.org/W1553018322","https://openalex.org/W1981990475","https://openalex.org/W1990333753","https://openalex.org/W1997926271","https://openalex.org/W2003162392","https://openalex.org/W2010863932","https://openalex.org/W2015925347","https://openalex.org/W2019933544","https://openalex.org/W2021511019","https://openalex.org/W2028658796","https://openalex.org/W2045498729","https://openalex.org/W2097001944","https://openalex.org/W2102775714","https://openalex.org/W2116808802","https://openalex.org/W2118880781","https://openalex.org/W2119121498","https://openalex.org/W2124282270","https://openalex.org/W2124752314","https://openalex.org/W2125847053","https://openalex.org/W2129660502","https://openalex.org/W2140266533","https://openalex.org/W2156887679","https://openalex.org/W2166986843","https://openalex.org/W2288857480","https://openalex.org/W2307201165","https://openalex.org/W2321085812","https://openalex.org/W2323025989","https://openalex.org/W2324770950","https://openalex.org/W2330407596","https://openalex.org/W2436148957","https://openalex.org/W2488793035","https://openalex.org/W2520297844","https://openalex.org/W2555879002","https://openalex.org/W2605551717","https://openalex.org/W2705765409","https://openalex.org/W2783102781","https://openalex.org/W2790634368","https://openalex.org/W2800635800","https://openalex.org/W2808154575","https://openalex.org/W2894648648","https://openalex.org/W2903651591","https://openalex.org/W2907496875","https://openalex.org/W2936015247","https://openalex.org/W2974983877","https://openalex.org/W3030611739","https://openalex.org/W3040936034","https://openalex.org/W3042601861","https://openalex.org/W3043036710","https://openalex.org/W3043077436","https://openalex.org/W3046345122","https://openalex.org/W3048620170","https://openalex.org/W3094818268","https://openalex.org/W3101021281","https://openalex.org/W3116421960","https://openalex.org/W3119717688","https://openalex.org/W3127702698","https://openalex.org/W3146706746","https://openalex.org/W3169246200","https://openalex.org/W3181013533","https://openalex.org/W3186368420","https://openalex.org/W3187867795","https://openalex.org/W3188027982","https://openalex.org/W3193328218","https://openalex.org/W3198641989","https://openalex.org/W3204186602","https://openalex.org/W3205612217","https://openalex.org/W3215575278","https://openalex.org/W4200513633","https://openalex.org/W4206292609","https://openalex.org/W4220706830","https://openalex.org/W4221103652","https://openalex.org/W4223995949","https://openalex.org/W4232417916","https://openalex.org/W4249292692","https://openalex.org/W4283764792","https://openalex.org/W4295990932","https://openalex.org/W4327579976","https://openalex.org/W4327580357","https://openalex.org/W4386125523","https://openalex.org/W4388064047","https://openalex.org/W4389205115","https://openalex.org/W4392919172","https://openalex.org/W4393054660","https://openalex.org/W6943550373","https://openalex.org/W7053006378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7112704874","https://openalex.org/W7042673400","https://openalex.org/W2073191260","https://openalex.org/W2946937693","https://openalex.org/W4286491091","https://openalex.org/W7127556698","https://openalex.org/W2810145707","https://openalex.org/W7033611272","https://openalex.org/W7168444178","https://openalex.org/W7014449394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,101],"current":[2],"study":[3],"sought":[4],"to":[5,56,92,109,141],"understand":[6],"the":[7,64,96,112,133,146],"lived":[8],"experiences":[9],"of":[10,33,42,60,78,98,115,139],"10":[11],"formerly":[12,75],"incarcerated":[13,76],"Black":[14],"and":[15,44,67,83,90,127],"Latino":[16],"men":[17,77,138],"in":[18,63,106],"an":[19],"apprentice":[20,65],"program":[21,66],"for":[22],"physical":[23],"trainers":[24],"using":[25],"directed":[26],"content":[27],"analysis.":[28],"Participants":[29],"described":[30,52],"a":[31,123],"variety":[32],"microaggressions,":[34,116],"including":[35],"those":[36],"representing":[37],"known":[38],"themes":[39],"(e.g.,":[40,47],"assumption":[41],"criminality)":[43],"new":[45,53],"(sub)themes":[46],"borrowed":[48],"legitimacy).":[49],"They":[50],"also":[51],"opportunities":[54],"afforded":[55],"them":[57],"by":[58],"virtue":[59],"their":[61,68],"involvement":[62],"newly":[69],"found":[70],"authority.":[71],"Results":[72],"indicate":[73],"that":[74,86,136],"color":[79,140],"experience":[80],"daily":[81],"discrimination":[82],"re\u2010entry":[84],"challenges":[85],"may":[87],"be":[88],"destabilizing":[89],"contribute":[91],"recidivism,":[93],"thus":[94],"reinforcing":[95],"cycle":[97],"mass":[99],"incarceration.":[100],"authors":[102],"suggest":[103],"further":[104,120],"investment":[105],"tertiary":[107],"interventions":[108,129],"buffer":[110],"against":[111],"harmful":[113],"effects":[114],"as":[117,119],"well":[118],"research":[121],"with":[122,145],"critical":[124],"race":[125],"lens":[126],"primary":[128],"aimed":[130],"at":[131],"ameliorating":[132],"societal":[134],"conditions":[135],"lead":[137],"come":[142],"into":[143],"contact":[144],"criminal":[147],"legal":[148],"system.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-05-12T00:00:00"}