{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396777650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","title":"A study on the production of hydrogen-enriched fuel through a water gas shift reactor integrated with a biomass gasifier","display_name":"A study on the production of hydrogen-enriched fuel through a water gas shift reactor integrated with a biomass gasifier","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396777650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065053003","display_name":"J. M. Makavana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-0675","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-0675"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104917982","display_name":"Junagadh Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mgf6n79","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104917982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Makavana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Junagadh Agricultural University","Ph.D Scholar, Department of Renewable Energy and Rural Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India -362001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Junagadh Agricultural University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104917982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D Scholar, Department of Renewable Energy and Rural Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India -362001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104917982"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084565160","display_name":"P. M. Chauhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-375X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-375X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104917982","display_name":"Junagadh Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mgf6n79","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104917982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. M. Chauhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Junagadh Agricultural University","Professor and Head, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India -362001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Junagadh Agricultural University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104917982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor and Head, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India -362001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104917982"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018376320","display_name":"M. S. Dulawat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-5783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-5783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104917982","display_name":"Junagadh Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mgf6n79","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104917982"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. S. Dulawat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Junagadh Agricultural University","Asst. Prof., Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India -362001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Junagadh Agricultural University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104917982"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asst. Prof., Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India -362001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104917982"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065053003"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104917982"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10495","display_name":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","score":0.5839999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10495","display_name":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","score":0.5839999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.3131999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11802","display_name":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","score":0.06840000301599503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-gas-shift-reaction","display_name":"water-gas shift reaction","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"hydrogen production","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-gasification","display_name":"biomass gasification","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-sulfide-poisoning","display_name":"hydrogen sulfide poisoning","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalyst-deactivation","display_name":"catalyst deactivation","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syngas","display_name":"syngas","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/producer-gas","display_name":"producer gas","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-temperature-catalysis","display_name":"high-temperature catalysis","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-enriched-fuels","display_name":"hydrogen-enriched fuels","score":0.6650000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.7414146661758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15229330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649134","display_name":"Wood gas generator","level":3,"score":0.7140380144119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66114498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1466348","display_name":"Water-gas shift reaction","level":3,"score":0.6849554777145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202189072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929999","display_name":"Hydrogen production","level":3,"score":0.6532595157623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5934298038482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5732702016830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.560138463973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5297549366950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204242273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099761","display_name":"Water gas","level":4,"score":0.5128798484802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26625249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909363","display_name":"Fuel gas","level":3,"score":0.4219074249267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194439259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3273339","display_name":"Syngas","level":3,"score":0.3976297676563263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2827385663986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20637249946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08233761787414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0697261393070221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0591072142124176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.05642855167388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4217485/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W231704538","https://openalex.org/W1547249888","https://openalex.org/W1638971874","https://openalex.org/W1972874907","https://openalex.org/W1976093013","https://openalex.org/W1978444051","https://openalex.org/W1979583531","https://openalex.org/W1982312480","https://openalex.org/W1985946156","https://openalex.org/W1988745176","https://openalex.org/W1989641217","https://openalex.org/W1992719985","https://openalex.org/W2001823773","https://openalex.org/W2006962743","https://openalex.org/W2008829000","https://openalex.org/W2011267106","https://openalex.org/W2014632279","https://openalex.org/W2014979198","https://openalex.org/W2024268674","https://openalex.org/W2025556767","https://openalex.org/W2026442737","https://openalex.org/W2031058579","https://openalex.org/W2032910518","https://openalex.org/W2034350439","https://openalex.org/W2034689793","https://openalex.org/W2037737995","https://openalex.org/W2040537487","https://openalex.org/W2042798285","https://openalex.org/W2055801835","https://openalex.org/W2065562992","https://openalex.org/W2066457736","https://openalex.org/W2068189889","https://openalex.org/W2068344598","https://openalex.org/W2077139463","https://openalex.org/W2079035225","https://openalex.org/W2081480764","https://openalex.org/W2083335036","https://openalex.org/W2085014905","https://openalex.org/W2085091403","https://openalex.org/W2087321123","https://openalex.org/W2087504098","https://openalex.org/W2092828754","https://openalex.org/W2094008837","https://openalex.org/W2094823709","https://openalex.org/W2146488415","https://openalex.org/W2160991401","https://openalex.org/W2226660545","https://openalex.org/W2611675625","https://openalex.org/W3081464705","https://openalex.org/W3097130368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127222402","https://openalex.org/W2786937156","https://openalex.org/W2085091403","https://openalex.org/W2343275262","https://openalex.org/W2077078048","https://openalex.org/W2199422173","https://openalex.org/W4401404197","https://openalex.org/W1997473018","https://openalex.org/W7153027444","https://openalex.org/W4415731807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,52,80,109,165],"efficiency":[2],"of":[3,18,37,55,76,93,95,111,121,157,202,214],"the":[4,16,35,59,63,74,86,90,118,131,162,169,185,200,212],"catalyst":[5,39,133,171],"was":[6,113,159,172],"investigated":[7],"in":[8,48,58,184,199,211],"relation":[9,65],"to":[10,20,72,128],"temperature,":[11],"gas":[12,44,68,102,106,222],"hourly":[13],"space":[14],"velocity,":[15],"ratio":[17,120],"steam":[19],"carbon":[21,96],"monoxide,":[22],"hydrogen":[23,67,221],"sulfide":[24],"(H2S)":[25],"loading,":[26],"and":[27,70,104,145,174,209,216],"tar":[28,56],"concentration.":[29],"This":[30,191],"review":[31,192],"paper":[32],"emphases":[33],"on":[34,161],"reaction":[36,46,87],"Fe/Cr":[38,132,170],"under":[40],"a":[41,49],"high-temperature":[42,186],"water":[43],"shift":[45],"(WGSR)":[47],"pilot":[50],"plant.":[51],"high":[53],"amount":[54],"availability":[57],"producer":[60],"gas(Syngas),":[61],"has":[62],"inverse":[64],"with":[66],"production,":[69,103],"lead":[71],"deteriorate":[73],"quality":[75],"syngas":[77,203],"or":[78],"vice-versa.":[79],"previous":[81],"studies":[82],"stated":[83],"that":[84,168],"increasing":[85],"temperature":[88],"enhance":[89],"higher":[91],"rate":[92],"conversion":[94,110,204],"mono-oxide":[97],"(CO),":[98],"clean":[99],"Hydrogen":[100],"(H2)":[101],"out":[105],"flow":[107],"rates.":[108],"CO":[112],"not":[114],"considerably":[115],"affected":[116],"by":[117],"molar":[119],"steam,":[122],"but":[123],"it":[124,178],"was.":[125],"When":[126],"exposed":[127],"H2S":[129,143],"poisoning,":[130],"shown":[134],"strong":[135],"deactivation":[136,175],"resistance,":[137],"whereas":[138],"Reactor":[139],"2":[140],"displayed":[141],"balanced":[142],"adsorption":[144],"desorption.":[146],"Additionally,":[147],"neither":[148],"catalytic":[149,163,218],"cracking":[150],"from":[151,155],"reformation":[152],"nor":[153],"fouling":[154],"deposition":[156],"tar,":[158],"spotted":[160],"surface.":[164],"findings":[166],"shows":[167],"reliable":[173,215],"resistant,":[176],"making":[177],"an":[179],"excellent":[180],"choice":[181],"for":[182,220],"implement":[183],"Water":[187],"Gas":[188],"Shifting":[189],"process.":[190,224],"article":[193],"will":[194],"be":[195],"advance":[196],"our":[197],"knowledge":[198],"area":[201],"through":[205],"biomass":[206],"gasification":[207],"process":[208],"contribute":[210],"design":[213],"effective":[217],"systems":[219],"synthesis":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2024-05-10T00:00:00"}
