{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396745596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050426","title":"Screening for Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteria and the Presence of Heavy Metals in the Upstream and Downstream Areas of the Wadi Hanifah Valley in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","display_name":"Screening for Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteria and the Presence of Heavy Metals in the Upstream and Downstream Areas of the Wadi Hanifah Valley in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396745596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050426","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38786154","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11117234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/antibiotics13050426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736332253","display_name":"Antibiotics","issn_l":"2079-6382","issn":["2079-6382"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antibiotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050426","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111191558","display_name":"Norah M. Al-Otaibi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272187","display_name":"Saudi Food and Drug Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdtqk38","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norah M. Al-Otaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096942612","display_name":"Bassam Alsulaiman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272187","display_name":"Saudi Food and Drug Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdtqk38","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassam Alsulaiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081853977","display_name":"Fahad M. Alreshoodi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272187","display_name":"Saudi Food and Drug Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdtqk38","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad M. Alreshoodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074308454","display_name":"Lenah E. Mukhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-3062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-3062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272187","display_name":"Saudi Food and Drug Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdtqk38","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lenah E. Mukhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088575576","display_name":"Sulaiman M. Alajel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-6931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-6931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272187","display_name":"Saudi Food and Drug Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdtqk38","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sulaiman M. Alajel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-6931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074866891","display_name":"Norah M. BinSaeedan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272187","display_name":"Saudi Food and Drug Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdtqk38","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norah M. Binsaeedan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272187"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037454934","display_name":"Fahad M. Alshabrmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-6040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-6040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fahad M. Alshabrmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-6040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037454934","https://openalex.org/A5074308454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236","https://openalex.org/I4405272187"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3296},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3296},"fwci":0.5541,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51651396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"426","last_page":"426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10419","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10419","display_name":"Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10147","display_name":"Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2726","display_name":"Microbiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance-genes","display_name":"antibiotic resistance genes","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals","display_name":"heavy metals","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-water-pollution","display_name":"surface water contamination","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidrug-resistant-bacteria","display_name":"multidrug-resistant bacteria","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfonamide-resistance","display_name":"sulfonamide resistance","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erythromycin-resistance","display_name":"erythromycin resistance","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloramphenicol-resistance","display_name":"chloramphenicol resistance","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vancomycin-resistance","display_name":"vancomycin resistance","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colistin-resistance","display_name":"colistin resistance","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-lactam-resistance","display_name":"beta-lactam resistance","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetracycline-resistance","display_name":"tetracycline resistance","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gentamicin-resistance","display_name":"gentamicin resistance","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trimethoprim-resistance","display_name":"trimethoprim resistance","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-stress","display_name":"heavy metal stress","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200965112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187971","display_name":"Wadi","level":2,"score":0.976123571395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5918130874633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.5890786647796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.5847605466842651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.5699104070663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.5143407583236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5303302","display_name":"Downstream (manufacturing)","level":2,"score":0.49366626143455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.4728056788444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158980903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899329","display_name":"Upstream and downstream (DNA)","level":3,"score":0.43854543566703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3858615756034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.29164302349090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.24192795157432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1544540524482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12408852577209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1077210009098053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08947128057479858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.048842668533325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/antibiotics13050426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736332253","display_name":"Antibiotics","issn_l":"2079-6382","issn":["2079-6382"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antibiotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11117234","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11117234","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11117234/pdf/antibiotics-13-00426.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antibiotics (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38786154","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38786154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ec9cf2cec5449bc96157f4bbc787f35","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ec9cf2cec5449bc96157f4bbc787f35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Antibiotics, Vol 13, Iss 5, p 426 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/antibiotics13050426","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736332253","display_name":"Antibiotics","issn_l":"2079-6382","issn":["2079-6382"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Antibiotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.965499997138977,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8560000061988831,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1271011243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QU-APC-2024-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","funder_display_name":"Qassim University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5120360896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QU-APC-2024-9/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","funder_display_name":"Qassim University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2523032263","display_name":"Saudi Food and Drug Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdtqk38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396745596.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396745596.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952587300","https://openalex.org/W2001123674","https://openalex.org/W2020530692","https://openalex.org/W2029440917","https://openalex.org/W2048693902","https://openalex.org/W2049550628","https://openalex.org/W2071057327","https://openalex.org/W2089090464","https://openalex.org/W2106015093","https://openalex.org/W2106753350","https://openalex.org/W2116281974","https://openalex.org/W2122793839","https://openalex.org/W2141973118","https://openalex.org/W2163833072","https://openalex.org/W2166678914","https://openalex.org/W2170377310","https://openalex.org/W2170786573","https://openalex.org/W2179036997","https://openalex.org/W2199204051","https://openalex.org/W2332180931","https://openalex.org/W2586407418","https://openalex.org/W2771835478","https://openalex.org/W2794891594","https://openalex.org/W2800951373","https://openalex.org/W2901466673","https://openalex.org/W3007115203","https://openalex.org/W3007426469","https://openalex.org/W3015266196","https://openalex.org/W3040443114","https://openalex.org/W3096406157","https://openalex.org/W3106923768","https://openalex.org/W3120120018","https://openalex.org/W3124590570","https://openalex.org/W3135303689","https://openalex.org/W3136146433","https://openalex.org/W3215129726","https://openalex.org/W4205122593","https://openalex.org/W4205349564","https://openalex.org/W4206344239","https://openalex.org/W4206677002","https://openalex.org/W4213388189","https://openalex.org/W4224283089","https://openalex.org/W4304997102","https://openalex.org/W4323046724","https://openalex.org/W4324030607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384408235","https://openalex.org/W7132419378","https://openalex.org/W4388220061","https://openalex.org/W2345637755","https://openalex.org/W4415597262","https://openalex.org/W3127303133","https://openalex.org/W2805439955","https://openalex.org/W3128483248","https://openalex.org/W7170186945","https://openalex.org/W2790624345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Valley":[0,107,445],"surface":[1,26,118,465],"water":[2,27,119,322,332,358,402,438],"is":[3,28,55,86],"considered":[4],"a":[5,313,426],"focal":[6],"public":[7],"health":[8],"concern":[9],"owing":[10],"to":[11,87,274,291,362,453],"the":[12,25,31,73,80,89,122,133,168,180,186,192,198,204,210,216,222,229,237,277,293,307,319,325,331,335,357,384,393,396,401,411,416,430,442,454],"presence":[13,32,90,431],"of":[14,19,33,61,75,83,91,104,128,236,239,279,321,338,345,395,429,432,461],"multi-drug-resistant":[15],"bacteria.":[16],"The":[17,126,159,342],"distribution":[18],"antimicrobial":[20],"resistance":[21,63,162],"(AMR)":[22],"bacteria":[23,320],"in":[24,97,108,124,306,316,318,356,400,437,446,464],"affected":[29],"by":[30,265,415],"multiple":[34],"factors,":[35],"including":[36,137],"antibiotics":[37],"coming":[38],"from":[39,324,334,405,441],"wastewater":[40],"discharge":[41],"or":[42],"other":[43],"contaminant":[44],"sources":[45],"such":[46,242],"as":[47,99,101,243,328],"pharmaceuticals,":[48],"biocides,":[49],"and":[50,94,146,177,226,260,282,287,301,354,379,435,457],"heavy":[51,76,92,240,398,433],"metals.":[52],"Furthermore,":[53,388],"there":[54],"evidence":[56],"suggesting":[57],"that":[58,392],"high":[59],"levels":[60,238],"antibiotic":[62,161,169,181,187,193,199,205,211,217,223,230],"genes":[64,163],"(ARGs)":[65,164],"can":[66],"be":[67,292,363],"transferred":[68],"within":[69,121],"bacterial":[70,95],"communities":[71],"under":[72],"influence":[74],"metal":[77],"stress.":[78],"Hence,":[79],"primary":[81],"aim":[82],"this":[84,423],"study":[85,424],"investigate":[88],"metals":[93,241,399,434],"ARGs":[96,129,284,317,436,462],"upstream":[98,326],"well":[100],"downstream":[102,336],"locations":[103],"Wadi":[105,339,443],"Hanifah":[106,340,444],"Riyadh,":[109,447],"Saudi":[110],"Arabia.":[111],"Sample":[112],"collection":[113],"was":[114,130,263,360,390],"conducted":[115,264],"at":[116],"eighteen":[117],"sites":[120,327,337,407],"valley":[123],"total.":[125],"selection":[127],"associated":[131],"with":[132,330],"most":[134,294],"common":[135],"antibiotics,":[136,148],"\u03b2-lactam,":[138],"tetracycline,":[139],"erythromycin,":[140,281],"gentamicin,":[141],"sulphonamide,":[142,280],"chloramphenicol,":[143],"vancomycin,":[144],"trimethoprim,":[145],"colistin":[147],"which":[149],"were":[150,289,303],"detected":[151,305],"qualitatively":[152],"using":[153,266],"polymerase":[154],"chain":[155],"reaction":[156],"(PCR)":[157],"technology.":[158],"tested":[160],"included":[165],"(blaNDM-1":[166],"(for":[167,179,185,191,197,203,209,215,221,228],"class":[170,182,188,194,200,206,212,218,224,231],"Beta-lactamases),":[171,189],"mecA":[172,300],"(methicillin-resistant":[173],"Staphylococcus":[174],"aureus),":[175],"tet(M)":[176],"tet(B)":[178],"Tetracycline),":[183],"ampC":[184],"vanA":[190],"vancomycin),":[195],"mcr-1":[196],"colistin),":[201],"erm(B)":[202],"erythromycin),":[207],"aac6\u2032-Ie-aph2-Ia":[208],"Gentamicin),":[213],"sulII":[214],"sulphonamide),":[219],"catII":[220],"Chlorophincol),":[225],"dfrA1":[227],"trimethoprim).":[232],"Moreover,":[233,309],"an":[234],"assessment":[235,460],"lithium":[244],"(Li),":[245],"beryllium":[246],"(Be),":[247],"chromium":[248],"(Cr),":[249],"cobalt":[250],"(Co),":[251],"arsenic":[252],"(As),":[253],"cadmium":[254],"(Cd),":[255],"tin":[256],"(Sn),":[257],"mercury":[258],"(Hg),":[259],"lead":[261],"(Pb)":[262],"inductively":[267],"coupled":[268],"plasma":[269],"mass":[270],"spectrometry":[271],"(ICPMS).":[272],"According":[273],"our":[275,310],"findings,":[276],"concentrations":[278,394],"chloramphenicol":[283],"(erm(B),":[285],"sulII,":[286],"catII)":[288],"observed":[290],"elevated.":[295],"Conversely,":[296],"two":[297],"ARGs,":[298],"namely":[299],"mcr-1,":[302],"not":[304,409],"samples.":[308],"data":[311],"illustrated":[312],"significant":[314],"rise":[315],"samples":[323,333,359,403,439],"compared":[329],"Valley.":[341],"mean":[343],"concentration":[344],"Li,":[346],"Be,":[347],"Cr,":[348],"Co,":[349],"As,":[350],"Cd,":[351],"Sn,":[352],"Hg,":[353],"Pb":[355],"estimated":[361],"37.25":[364],"\u00b5g/L,":[365,367,370,372,374,376,378,381],"0.02":[366],"0.56":[368],"\u00b5g/L,0.32":[369],"0.93":[371],"0.01":[373],"200.4":[375],"0.027":[377],"0.26":[380],"respectively,":[382],"for":[383],"selected":[385],"18":[386],"sites.":[387],"it":[389],"revealed":[391],"screened":[397],"collected":[404],"various":[406],"did":[408],"surpass":[410],"maximum":[412],"limits":[413],"set":[414],"World":[417],"Health":[418],"Organization":[419],"(WHO).":[420],"In":[421],"conclusion,":[422],"offers":[425],"concise":[427],"overview":[428],"obtained":[440],"KSA.":[448],"Such":[449],"findings":[450],"will":[451],"contribute":[452],"ongoing":[455],"monitoring":[456],"future":[458],"risk":[459],"spread":[463],"water.":[466]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-05-09T00:00:00"}
