{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396707686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103909","title":"Is Development Type a Determinant of College and Graduate Students\u2019 Commute Time to School? The Case of Seoul Metropolitan Area","display_name":"Is Development Type a Determinant of College and Graduate Students\u2019 Commute Time to School? The Case of Seoul Metropolitan Area","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396707686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su16103909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103909","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111190459","display_name":"Sai-Zu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-5179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-5179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saizu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban and Regional Development , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea;","Department of Urban and Regional Development Management, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-5179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban and Regional Development , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban and Regional Development Management, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102661048","display_name":"Chang-Gyu Choi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chang Gyu Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Urban and Regional Development , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea;","Department of Urban and Regional Development Management, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban and Regional Development , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban and Regional Development Management, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102661048"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2728},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2728},"fwci":0.9369,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7302519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"3909","last_page":"3909"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.4203999936580658,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.4203999936580658,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.39500001072883606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13729","display_name":"Korean Urban and Social Studies","score":0.1316000074148178,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commuting-time","display_name":"commuting time","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-students","display_name":"graduate students","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"urban expansion","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-shortage","display_name":"housing shortage","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-class-housing","display_name":"middle-class housing","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-time","display_name":"travel time","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seoul-metropolitan-area","display_name":"Seoul metropolitan area","score":0.7549999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.90171217918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.6796855330467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5360681414604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4854188859462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.4173426926136017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.38425353169441223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.38070812821388245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3485165238380432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24493169784545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14007309079170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09564211964607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.09514442086219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.07617071270942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su16103909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0891.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.0891.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.0891.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/2a383770475b02e2d110635422c5285e/download_pub","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:10:p:3909-:d:1389762","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/10/3909/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su16103909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G449384480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A2C1008509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5435285589","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2020R1A2C1008509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494112719","https://openalex.org/W1965389640","https://openalex.org/W1965635656","https://openalex.org/W1975962094","https://openalex.org/W1978218111","https://openalex.org/W1982736853","https://openalex.org/W1990367971","https://openalex.org/W2009979025","https://openalex.org/W2010061083","https://openalex.org/W2012895034","https://openalex.org/W2018608370","https://openalex.org/W2020905425","https://openalex.org/W2035953061","https://openalex.org/W2039582592","https://openalex.org/W2042850484","https://openalex.org/W2044048016","https://openalex.org/W2067864674","https://openalex.org/W2077494604","https://openalex.org/W2115367486","https://openalex.org/W2119126933","https://openalex.org/W2119443555","https://openalex.org/W2163140079","https://openalex.org/W2293045568","https://openalex.org/W2463195649","https://openalex.org/W2610292761","https://openalex.org/W2746390490","https://openalex.org/W2754513050","https://openalex.org/W2771130362","https://openalex.org/W2782037774","https://openalex.org/W2797966992","https://openalex.org/W2806045037","https://openalex.org/W2890273037","https://openalex.org/W2895784978","https://openalex.org/W2895795284","https://openalex.org/W2938045111","https://openalex.org/W2958798773","https://openalex.org/W2995397864","https://openalex.org/W3002199414","https://openalex.org/W3016605794","https://openalex.org/W3023598719","https://openalex.org/W3081454352","https://openalex.org/W3165090271","https://openalex.org/W4224018053","https://openalex.org/W4244786235","https://openalex.org/W4307742161","https://openalex.org/W4378175198","https://openalex.org/W4379046570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946488798","https://openalex.org/W3154902509","https://openalex.org/W7169936217","https://openalex.org/W3040229489","https://openalex.org/W7169967466","https://openalex.org/W1516986011","https://openalex.org/W7167074866","https://openalex.org/W2624349557","https://openalex.org/W2068053088","https://openalex.org/W7125409988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Commuting":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,39,126],"vital":[3],"travel":[4],"channel":[5],"for":[6],"college":[7,53,143,159],"students":[8,162],"throughout":[9],"their":[10],"higher":[11],"education":[12],"career;":[13],"nevertheless,":[14],"excessive":[15,156],"commute":[16,36,58,118,128,148],"time":[17],"negatively":[18],"impacts":[19],"students\u2019":[20,35,56,104,117],"school":[21,57,130,147],"satisfaction,":[22],"academic":[23],"achievement,":[24],"health,":[25],"and":[26,42,54,95,106,144,160],"quality":[27],"of":[28,155,158],"life.":[29],"Meanwhile,":[30],"few":[31],"studies":[32],"have":[33,125,139],"explored":[34],"time,":[37],"covering":[38],"large":[40],"population":[41],"scope.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"this":[45],"study":[46,75,151],"analyzes":[47],"the":[48,61,68,153],"dwelling":[49,85,113],"type":[50,114],"that":[51,112],"influences":[52],"graduate":[55,145,161],"times":[59],"in":[60,123,134,163],"Seoul":[62,124],"Metropolitan":[63],"Area,":[64],"using":[65],"data":[66,78],"from":[67],"2016":[69],"Household":[70],"Travel":[71],"Diary":[72],"Survey.":[73],"This":[74,150],"uses":[76],"spatial":[77],"on":[79,142],"housing":[80,90],"development":[81],"to":[82,129],"classify":[83],"five":[84],"types":[86],"(i.e.,":[87],"new":[88,135,164],"town,":[89],"site":[91],"development,":[92],"Seoul,":[93],"Incheon,":[94],"Gyeonggi-do).":[96],"A":[97],"multiple":[98],"linear":[99],"regression":[100],"model":[101],"empirically":[102],"analyses":[103],"household":[105],"personal":[107],"characteristics.":[108],"The":[109],"results":[110],"reveal":[111],"significantly":[115],"affects":[116],"time.":[119,149],"Specifically,":[120],"Students":[121],"living":[122,133],"shorter":[127],"than":[131],"those":[132],"towns.":[136,165],"Socioeconomic":[137],"characteristics":[138],"less":[140],"effect":[141],"students'":[146],"discusses":[152],"problem":[154],"commuting":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2024-05-08T00:00:00"}