{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396599698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107937390002300101","title":"Physician Unionization in the United States: Fad or Phenomenon?","display_name":"Physician Unionization in the United States: Fad or Phenomenon?","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396599698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107937390002300101","mag":"2418047431","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11269204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/107937390002300101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107937390002300101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107937390002300101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764812456","display_name":"Journal of Health and Human Services Administration","issn_l":"1079-3739","issn":["1079-3739","2168-5509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health and Human Services Administration","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012953416","display_name":"Timothy J Hoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8281-5200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8281-5200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy J. Hoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Albany, SUNY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Albany, SUNY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012953416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282"],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88137283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"5","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12847","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Challenges","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-unionization","display_name":"physician unionization","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-bargaining","display_name":"collective bargaining","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salaried-physicians","display_name":"salaried physicians","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-employed-physicians","display_name":"self-employed physicians","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organized-medicine","display_name":"organized medicine","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managed-care","display_name":"managed care","score":0.9290000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.6291996240615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37278544902801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.33019378781318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31871455907821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12425833940505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.06944051384925842}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000574","descriptor_name":"American Medical Association","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003098","descriptor_name":"Collective Bargaining","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004651","descriptor_name":"Employment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006291","descriptor_name":"Health Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006302","descriptor_name":"Health Services Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007407","descriptor_name":"Interviews as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007750","descriptor_name":"Labor Unions","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008329","descriptor_name":"Managed Care Programs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/107937390002300101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107937390002300101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/107937390002300101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764812456","display_name":"Journal of Health and Human Services Administration","issn_l":"1079-3739","issn":["1079-3739","2168-5509"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Health and Human Services Administration","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11269204","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11269204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of health and human services administration","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2418047431","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11269204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117319559","https://openalex.org/W1481725045","https://openalex.org/W1566936261","https://openalex.org/W1607780973","https://openalex.org/W1976793243","https://openalex.org/W2016085194","https://openalex.org/W2056571826","https://openalex.org/W2137181159","https://openalex.org/W2315289747","https://openalex.org/W2328011167","https://openalex.org/W2333032113","https://openalex.org/W2746879276","https://openalex.org/W4245580321","https://openalex.org/W4247816287","https://openalex.org/W4298204814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2414611671","https://openalex.org/W2397149082","https://openalex.org/W3122000712","https://openalex.org/W2402834960","https://openalex.org/W4389664912","https://openalex.org/W2992319688","https://openalex.org/W4386584339","https://openalex.org/W5620596","https://openalex.org/W208067559","https://openalex.org/W161920453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,137],"article":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,12,28,55,72,121,145],"current":[4],"trends":[5],"and":[6,20,42,95,126,153],"issues":[7],"surrounding":[8],"physician":[9,31,146],"unionization":[10,44],"in":[11],"United":[13],"States,":[14],"using":[15],"data":[16,41],"from":[17],"secondary":[18],"sources":[19],"nine":[21],"interviews":[22],"with":[23,78],"leaders":[24],"of":[25,30,58,65,74,120,123,144],"organizations":[26],"at":[27],"forefront":[29],"unionizing":[32],"efforts.":[33],"Several":[34],"key":[35,106],"points":[36],"are":[37,61],"supported":[38],"by":[39,99],"these":[40],"prior":[43],"research.":[45],"First,":[46],"unions":[47,77,110],"should":[48],"become":[49],"a":[50],"viable":[51],"organizing":[52],"alternative":[53],"for":[54,134],"almost":[56],"50%":[57],"doctors":[59],"who":[60],"salaried":[62],"employees":[63],"because":[64,119],"fewer":[66],"legal":[67,127],"barriers":[68,128],"to":[69,80,87,92,115,129,141],"collective":[70,131],"representation,":[71],"involvement":[73],"national":[75],"labor":[76],"resources":[79],"spend":[81],"on":[82],"organizing,":[83],"more":[84],"physicians":[85,118],"belonging":[86],"demographic":[88],"groups":[89],"less":[90],"hostile":[91],"organized":[93,124],"labor.":[94],"work-related":[96],"pressures":[97],"faced":[98],"physician-employee":[100],"under":[101],"managed":[102],"care.":[103],"A":[104],"second":[105],"point":[107],"is":[108,139],"that":[109],"will":[111],"find":[112],"it":[113],"difficult":[114],"represent":[116],"self-employed":[117],"influence":[122],"medicine":[125],"gaining":[130],"bargaining":[132],"rights":[133],"this":[135],"group.":[136],"discussion":[138],"intended":[140],"raise":[142],"awareness":[143],"union":[147],"issue":[148],"among":[149],"health":[150],"care":[151],"policy-makers":[152],"researchers.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2024-05-03T00:00:00"}