{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396554405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200813","title":"Research on transformer fault diagnosis based on active learning with imbalanced data of dissolved gas in oil","display_name":"Research on transformer fault diagnosis based on active learning with imbalanced data of dissolved gas in oil","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396554405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200813","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38690983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0200813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086542016","display_name":"Pengfei Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8165-0264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8165-0264"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8165-0264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004315695","display_name":"Zhonghao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3869-4901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3869-4901"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jie Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7991-3896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7991-3896"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7991-3896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103037105","display_name":"Zhenyuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1310-3252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1310-3252"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1310-3252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034208561","display_name":"Tianhang Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-8657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-8657","https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2150-551X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhang Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-8657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059214587","display_name":"Can Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-6114","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-6114","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-6964"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zihao Qi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738113","display_name":"China Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ehpzy81","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Electric Power Research Institute , Haidian District, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392738113"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4759,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5060573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"95","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-transformer-fault-diagnosis","display_name":"power transformer fault diagnosis","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolved-gas-analysis","display_name":"dissolved gas analysis","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning-machine-learning","display_name":"active learning (machine learning)","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-imbalance","display_name":"class imbalance","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer-insulation-condition","display_name":"transformer insulation condition","score":0.41200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81818771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787515","display_name":"Dissolved gas analysis","level":5,"score":0.8240051865577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6934911608695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5563873052597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.52512127161026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42985308170318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901418","display_name":"Transformer oil","level":4,"score":0.39431941509246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.37000730633735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3622629642486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.324973464012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08804303407669067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0200813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38690983","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38690983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Review of scientific instruments","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W57680428","https://openalex.org/W2012608140","https://openalex.org/W2028866832","https://openalex.org/W2048251718","https://openalex.org/W2078980147","https://openalex.org/W2093216892","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2127761407","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2183423736","https://openalex.org/W2185323257","https://openalex.org/W2494797347","https://openalex.org/W2559042111","https://openalex.org/W2903853321","https://openalex.org/W2962755824","https://openalex.org/W3011435659","https://openalex.org/W3041133507","https://openalex.org/W3110385569","https://openalex.org/W3190956449","https://openalex.org/W3205626500","https://openalex.org/W3213822864","https://openalex.org/W4206569030","https://openalex.org/W4234698323","https://openalex.org/W4287322212","https://openalex.org/W4311240533","https://openalex.org/W4387009609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406208088","https://openalex.org/W7167269723","https://openalex.org/W2945689018","https://openalex.org/W3159660860","https://openalex.org/W4405347942","https://openalex.org/W4390418762","https://openalex.org/W4390346796","https://openalex.org/W7118021631","https://openalex.org/W3049538428","https://openalex.org/W4415052818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"power":[1,9,23,41,50,85],"transformer":[2,51,86],"is":[3],"the":[4,8,19,22,35,45,57,68,92,100,103,106,115,124,132,148,154],"core":[5],"equipment":[6],"of":[7,14,21,40,49,56,102,126,131,135,140],"system,":[10],"a":[11,138],"sudden":[12],"failure":[13],"which":[15,91],"will":[16],"seriously":[17],"endanger":[18],"safety":[20],"system.":[24],"In":[25,75,109],"recent":[26],"years,":[27],"artificial":[28,58],"intelligence":[29,59],"techniques":[30,60],"have":[31],"been":[32],"applied":[33],"to":[34,43,144],"dissolved":[36,87],"gas":[37,88],"analysis":[38],"evaluation":[39],"transformers":[42],"improve":[44],"accuracy":[46],"and":[47,105,122],"efficiency":[48],"fault":[52],"diagnosis.":[53],"However,":[54],"most":[55],"are":[61,70],"data-driven":[62],"algorithms":[63],"whose":[64],"performance":[65],"decreases":[66],"when":[67],"data":[69,104,155],"limited":[71],"or":[72],"significantly":[73,152],"imbalanced.":[74],"this":[76,111],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"an":[80],"active":[81,117],"learning":[82,118,146],"framework":[83],"for":[84],"analysis,":[89],"in":[90],"model":[93],"can":[94],"be":[95],"dynamically":[96],"trained":[97],"based":[98],"on":[99],"characteristics":[101],"training":[107],"process.":[108],"addition,":[110],"paper":[112],"also":[113],"improves":[114],"original":[116,133],"spatial":[119],"search":[120],"strategy":[121],"uses":[123],"product":[125],"sample":[127,141],"feature":[128],"differences":[129,136],"instead":[130],"sum":[134],"as":[137],"measure":[139],"difference.":[142],"Compared":[143],"passive":[145],"algorithms,":[147],"novel":[149],"approach":[150],"could":[151],"reduce":[153],"labeling":[156],"effort":[157],"while":[158],"improving":[159],"prediction":[160],"accuracy.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-05-02T00:00:00"}