{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395096776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393410","title":"Ensembling Object Detection Models for Robust and Reliable Malaria Parasite Detection in Thin Blood Smear Microscopic Images","display_name":"Ensembling Object Detection Models for Robust and Reliable Malaria Parasite Detection in Thin Blood Smear Microscopic Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395096776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3393410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393410","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10507842.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10507842.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058683095","display_name":"Emre \u00d6zb\u0131lge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-752X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-752X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16197041","display_name":"Cyprus International University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mk5mk38","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16197041"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["CY","KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre \u00d6zbilge","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business Administration, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait","Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-752X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business Administration, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16197041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086873335","display_name":"Emrah G\u00fcler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1635-0051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1635-0051"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116528569","display_name":"European University of Lefke","ror":"https://ror.org/00t7bpe49","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116528569"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emrah G\u00fcler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, European University of Lefke, Mersin, North Cyprus, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1635-0051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, European University of Lefke, Mersin, North Cyprus, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116528569"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026208779","display_name":"Ebru Ozb\u0131lge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-8134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-8134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16197041","display_name":"Cyprus International University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mk5mk38","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16197041"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803079837","display_name":"American University of the Middle East","ror":"https://ror.org/02gqgne03","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]}],"countries":["CY","KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebru Ozbilge","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business Administration, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait","Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-8134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business Administration, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803079837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16197041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"apc_paid":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"fwci":2.8787,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92433943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"60747","last_page":"60764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaria-parasite-detection","display_name":"malaria parasite detection","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-blood-smear","display_name":"thin blood smear","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-ensembling","display_name":"model ensembling","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yolov8","display_name":"YOLOv8","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-maximum-suppression","display_name":"non-maximum suppression","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasmodium","display_name":"Plasmodium","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-microscopy","display_name":"automated microscopy","score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-image-analysis","display_name":"medical image analysis","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6767311096191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.617575466632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017819844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886475","display_name":"Blood smear","level":3,"score":0.5837556719779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5733795762062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.5325697064399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4820604920387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44669389724731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71928629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Parasite hosting","level":2,"score":0.418239027261734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2054840624332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16992461681365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3393410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393410","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10507842.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47dc0653d5964f1d881f3708e33a25e6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47dc0653d5964f1d881f3708e33a25e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 60747-60764 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3393410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393410","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3393410","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10507842.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319181","display_name":"Manisa Celal Bayar \u00dcniversitesi","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395096776.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395096776.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2743706233","https://openalex.org/W2768909086","https://openalex.org/W2799742832","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2890686298","https://openalex.org/W2897974715","https://openalex.org/W2947946667","https://openalex.org/W2950628590","https://openalex.org/W2963240574","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2996473495","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3007509889","https://openalex.org/W3015532115","https://openalex.org/W3032984651","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3083352095","https://openalex.org/W3120295105","https://openalex.org/W3127743092","https://openalex.org/W3133962405","https://openalex.org/W3149839747","https://openalex.org/W4243475346","https://openalex.org/W4296558701","https://openalex.org/W4297540761","https://openalex.org/W4309033799","https://openalex.org/W4309607328","https://openalex.org/W4318776599","https://openalex.org/W4390532375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7123346342","https://openalex.org/W4385815067","https://openalex.org/W2773311971","https://openalex.org/W4293809629","https://openalex.org/W4240094851","https://openalex.org/W4390494806","https://openalex.org/W4214719881","https://openalex.org/W4411686764","https://openalex.org/W3210548318","https://openalex.org/W4412431068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malaria":[0],"is":[1,9,64,105,109],"a":[2,29,54,77,95,119],"blood":[3,56,73,115,136,161],"disease":[4,38],"caused":[5],"by":[6,47],"thePlasmodiumparasite":[7],"that":[8,170,192],"transmitted":[10],"through":[11],"the":[12,42,45,49,84,133,165,173,201,207,226,229],"bite":[13],"of":[14,44,51,97,114,180,186,203,217,223,237,243],"female":[15],"Anopheles":[16],"mosquitoes.":[17],"These":[18],"mosquitoes":[19],"can":[20,80],"cross":[21],"borders":[22],"without":[23],"passports":[24],"or":[25,71],"visas,":[26],"making":[27],"malaria":[28],"global":[30],"health":[31],"concern.":[32],"To":[33],"effectively":[34],"treat":[35],"malaria,":[36],"infectious":[37],"specialists":[39],"must":[40],"monitor":[41],"efficacy":[43],"treatment":[46],"counting":[48],"number":[50],"parasites":[52],"in":[53,164],"patient's":[55],"at":[57],"various":[58,193],"time":[59],"intervals.":[60],"However,":[61],"this":[62,139],"task":[63],"challenging":[65],"because":[66],"it":[67],"involves":[68],"examining":[69],"thin":[70,160],"thick":[72],"smear":[74,116,162],"samples":[75,117],"under":[76],"microscope,":[78],"which":[79],"be":[81],"tiring":[82],"to":[83,110,129],"human":[85],"eye,":[86],"particularly":[87],"when":[88],"there":[89],"are":[90],"many":[91],"infected":[92,134],"patients":[93],"and":[94,121,131,151,182,196,219,239],"shortage":[96],"clinical":[98],"experts.":[99],"In":[100,138],"such":[101],"cases,":[102],"rapid":[103],"diagnosis":[104],"crucial.":[106],"One":[107],"approach":[108,212],"capture":[111],"microscopic":[112],"images":[113,163],"using":[118,159],"camera":[120],"then":[122],"employ":[123],"deep":[124],"learning-based":[125],"object":[126,142],"detection":[127,143,202],"models":[128],"detect":[130],"count":[132],"red":[135],"cells.":[137],"study,":[140],"state-of-the-art":[141],"models,":[144,175],"including":[145],"CenterNet,":[146],"EfficientDet,":[147],"Faster":[148],"R-CNN,":[149],"RetinaNet,":[150],"YOLOv8,":[152],"were":[153],"explored.":[154],"The":[155,167],"dataset":[156],"was":[157],"generated":[158],"laboratory.":[166],"results":[168],"revealed":[169],"YOLOv8s":[171],"outperformed":[172],"other":[174,227],"achieving":[176],"an":[177,183,214,220,234,240],"mAP@0.5":[178,215,235],"score":[179,185,216,222,236,242],"0.9031":[181],"mAP@[0.50:0.05:0.95]":[184,221,241],"0.5957.":[187],"This":[188],"study":[189],"also":[190],"found":[191],"model":[194],"combinations":[195],"ensemble":[197],"strategies":[198],"could":[199],"improve":[200],"malarial":[204],"parasites.":[205],"Specifically,":[206],"weighted":[208,231],"boxes":[209],"fusion":[210],"ensembling":[211],"achieved":[213,233],"0.9186":[218],"0.6196.":[224],"On":[225],"hand,":[228],"non-maximum":[230],"method":[232],"0.9324":[238],"0.6214.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-04-25T00:00:00"}