{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4395079741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232","title":"Analysis of Deep Learning Model for Arbitrary Intercepted LPI Signal Classification","display_name":"Analysis of Deep Learning Model for Arbitrary Intercepted LPI Signal Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4395079741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232","pdf_url":"http://www.jkiees.org/download/download_pdf?pid=jkiees-35-3-232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764950620","display_name":"The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","issn_l":"1226-3133","issn":["1226-3133","1598-2556","2288-226X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319517","host_organization_name":"The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319517"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.jkiees.org/download/download_pdf?pid=jkiees-35-3-232","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011517497","display_name":"Junseob Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6959-5271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6959-5271"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junseob Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6959-5271","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056814478","display_name":"Sunghwan Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-822X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-822X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sunghwan Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-822X","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103131485","display_name":"Sunil Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6191-8651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6191-8651"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6191-8651","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101637390","display_name":"Won-Jin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-6835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-6835"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonjin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-6835","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027186755","display_name":"Yeongyoon Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-7055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-7055"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeongyoon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-7055","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056814478"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"232","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.06310000270605087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14423","display_name":"Military Technology and Strategies","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning-model-comparison","display_name":"deep learning model comparison","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"ensemble learning","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/densenet-169","display_name":"DenseNet169","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battlefield-electromagnetic-environment","display_name":"battlefield electromagnetic environment","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gpu-memory-usage","display_name":"GPU memory usage","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.513624370098114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4595251679420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41873496770858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4108860194683075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3970152735710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3420206308364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232","pdf_url":"http://www.jkiees.org/download/download_pdf?pid=jkiees-35-3-232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764950620","display_name":"The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","issn_l":"1226-3133","issn":["1226-3133","1598-2556","2288-226X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319517","host_organization_name":"The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319517"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2024.35.3.232","pdf_url":"http://www.jkiees.org/download/download_pdf?pid=jkiees-35-3-232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764950620","display_name":"The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","issn_l":"1226-3133","issn":["1226-3133","1598-2556","2288-226X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319517","host_organization_name":"The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319517"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1666084802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23-AI-\uc5f0\uad6c\uc18c-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321255","funder_display_name":"Korea Military Academy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5389300841","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KRIT-CT-21-033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","funder_display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321255","display_name":"Korea Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/024ctqw02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04bjg9m96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395079741.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4395079741.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132134263","https://openalex.org/W2531162019","https://openalex.org/W2781731889","https://openalex.org/W2967920509","https://openalex.org/W2973642598","https://openalex.org/W3164058107","https://openalex.org/W4308085475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3093540742","https://openalex.org/W7222876664","https://openalex.org/W2087143312","https://openalex.org/W4387743536","https://openalex.org/W4385973858","https://openalex.org/W4391128556","https://openalex.org/W4401732021","https://openalex.org/W7128295511","https://openalex.org/W1908820170","https://openalex.org/W4405713995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,71],"paper":[1,72],"presents":[2,73],"a":[3,15],"signal":[4,51],"generation":[5],"architecture":[6],"for":[7,61],"simulating":[8],"arbitrarily":[9],"intercepted":[10],"low-probability-of-intercept":[11],"(LPI)":[12],"signals":[13,29],"in":[14,25,32],"battlefield":[16],"environment.":[17],"Additionally,":[18],"the":[19,27,35,62,74,77,85,101,107],"performances":[20,78],"of":[21,34,64,76,79,87],"deep":[22,65,81],"learning":[23,48,66,82],"models":[24,67,83],"classifying":[26],"generated":[28],"are":[30],"compared":[31],"terms":[33],"classification":[36,52],"time,":[37],"GPU":[38],"memory":[39],"usage,":[40],"and":[41,54,90,104],"accuracy.":[42],"Previous":[43],"studies":[44],"have":[45,68],"utilized":[46],"ensemble":[47,93],"to":[49],"minimize":[50],"time":[53],"enhance":[55],"accuracy;":[56],"however,":[57],"an":[58,92],"explicit":[59],"criteria":[60],"adoption":[63],"been":[69],"lacking.":[70],"analysis":[75],"11":[80],"on":[84],"basis":[86],"simulation":[88],"results":[89],"proposes":[91],"model":[94,103],"that":[95],"utilizes":[96],"MobileNet":[97],"V3":[98],"Small":[99],"as":[100,106],"main":[102],"Densenet-169":[105],"sub-model.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-21T07:43:02.447757","created_date":"2024-04-25T00:00:00"}