{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394993948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","title":"Automation and Augmentation: Artificial Intelligence, Robots, and Work","display_name":"Automation and Augmentation: Artificial Intelligence, Robots, and Work","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394993948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61274580","display_name":"Annual Review of Sociology","issn_l":"0360-0572","issn":["0360-0572","1545-2115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063831159","display_name":"Ya-Wen Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8032-3242","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8032-3242"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Wen Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; email: yawenlei@fas.harvard.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; email: yawenlei@fas.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110309450","display_name":"Rachel Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; email: yawenlei@fas.harvard.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; email: yawenlei@fas.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4687,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97619048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":"1","first_page":"251","last_page":"272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.7910000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.7910000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.11460000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robots","display_name":"robots","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"automation","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-augmentation","display_name":"labor augmentation","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-automation","display_name":"task automation","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-displacement","display_name":"job displacement","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality","display_name":"inequality","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-opacity","display_name":"AI opacity","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-dissatisfaction","display_name":"user dissatisfaction","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-ai-interaction","display_name":"human-AI interaction","score":0.6359999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.8069875240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7549903392791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5768376588821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5020380020141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46868422627449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85135244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1799487","display_name":"Laboratory automation","level":3,"score":0.4648178219795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36525148153305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3551594018936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3453555703163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.111154705286026}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61274580","display_name":"Annual Review of Sociology","issn_l":"0360-0572","issn":["0360-0572","1545-2115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-090523-050708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61274580","display_name":"Annual Review of Sociology","issn_l":"0360-0572","issn":["0360-0572","1545-2115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-2","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5676000118255615}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601261096","https://openalex.org/W1821977771","https://openalex.org/W2008653298","https://openalex.org/W2015148699","https://openalex.org/W2039967438","https://openalex.org/W2085635435","https://openalex.org/W2107497267","https://openalex.org/W2118257626","https://openalex.org/W2123950498","https://openalex.org/W2152983700","https://openalex.org/W2171773211","https://openalex.org/W2271587261","https://openalex.org/W2346755986","https://openalex.org/W2597345357","https://openalex.org/W2611356021","https://openalex.org/W2750920029","https://openalex.org/W2782817879","https://openalex.org/W2785011159","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2802111937","https://openalex.org/W2892380133","https://openalex.org/W2901481055","https://openalex.org/W2919193235","https://openalex.org/W2922903482","https://openalex.org/W2943442930","https://openalex.org/W2947411064","https://openalex.org/W2963852062","https://openalex.org/W2966058192","https://openalex.org/W2969896603","https://openalex.org/W2971006689","https://openalex.org/W2973345269","https://openalex.org/W2981451251","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2990520658","https://openalex.org/W2991577617","https://openalex.org/W3003285234","https://openalex.org/W3009701942","https://openalex.org/W3010430764","https://openalex.org/W3013202251","https://openalex.org/W3035698784","https://openalex.org/W3037880470","https://openalex.org/W3049568452","https://openalex.org/W3082837871","https://openalex.org/W3123176014","https://openalex.org/W3125498346","https://openalex.org/W3125633690","https://openalex.org/W3130992528","https://openalex.org/W3137930360","https://openalex.org/W3145784029","https://openalex.org/W3149011031","https://openalex.org/W3161360786","https://openalex.org/W3167983954","https://openalex.org/W3171332650","https://openalex.org/W3190357239","https://openalex.org/W3199868592","https://openalex.org/W3208713053","https://openalex.org/W4200126705","https://openalex.org/W4205420544","https://openalex.org/W4205760449","https://openalex.org/W4223980852","https://openalex.org/W4224299610","https://openalex.org/W4225001143","https://openalex.org/W4226040281","https://openalex.org/W4226099958","https://openalex.org/W4226461742","https://openalex.org/W4230775373","https://openalex.org/W4230792396","https://openalex.org/W4236376225","https://openalex.org/W4247583696","https://openalex.org/W4285079406","https://openalex.org/W4285136700","https://openalex.org/W4376867729","https://openalex.org/W4384155299","https://openalex.org/W4388148131","https://openalex.org/W4388148349","https://openalex.org/W6943921474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401504809","https://openalex.org/W7214515806","https://openalex.org/W7134058734","https://openalex.org/W7221264919","https://openalex.org/W4226283890","https://openalex.org/W4381845780","https://openalex.org/W2991652520","https://openalex.org/W7154511785","https://openalex.org/W4413053156","https://openalex.org/W7143389909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,194],"reviews":[2],"the":[3,7,32,61,193,214],"literature":[4,33],"that":[5,85,204],"examines":[6],"potential,":[8],"limitations,":[9],"and":[10,14,20,29,68,110,119,121,129,139,141,157,171,202,208,218,223],"consequences":[11,207],"of":[12,53,154,159,216],"robots":[13],"artificial":[15],"intelligence":[16],"(AI)":[17],"in":[18,55,65,73,126,220],"automation":[19,40,56,109,128,217],"augmentation":[21,111,131,211,219],"across":[22],"various":[23],"disciplines.":[24],"It":[25],"presents":[26],"key":[27],"observations":[28],"suggestions":[30],"from":[31,38,145],"review.":[34],"Firstly,":[35],"displacement":[36],"effects":[37],"task":[39,127],"continue":[41],"to":[42,79,176,185,199],"persist.":[43],"However,":[44],"one":[45],"should":[46],"not":[47],"assume":[48],"an":[49],"unequivocally":[50],"increasing":[51],"efficacy":[52],"technology":[54],"or":[57,93,95,100],"augmentation,":[58],"especially":[59],"given":[60],"declining":[62],"productivity":[63],"growth":[64],"high-income":[66],"countries":[67],"some":[69],"large":[70],"emerging":[71],"economies":[72],"recent":[74],"decades.":[75],"Jobs":[76],"less":[77],"likely":[78],"be":[80],"negatively":[81],"impacted":[82],"are":[83,96],"those":[84],"require":[86],"diverse":[87],"tasks,":[88],"physical":[89],"dexterity,":[90],"tacit":[91,155],"knowledge,":[92,156],"flexibility,":[94],"protected":[97],"by":[98,212],"professional":[99],"trade":[101],"associations.":[102],"Despite":[103],"countervailing":[104],"effects,":[105],"without":[106],"policy":[107],"intervention,":[108],"could":[112],"widen":[113],"inequality":[114],"between":[115],"social":[116,222],"groups,":[117],"labor":[118,130,169,210],"capital,":[120],"firms.":[122],"Secondly,":[123],"AI's":[124],"promise":[125],"is":[132],"mixed.":[133],"AI":[134,188],"tools":[135,189],"can":[136],"cause":[137],"harm,":[138],"dissatisfaction":[140],"disengagement":[142],"often":[143],"arise":[144],"their":[146,165],"opaqueness,":[147],"errors,":[148],"disregard":[149],"for":[150,167,196],"critical":[151],"contexts,":[152],"lack":[153,158],"domain":[160],"expertise,":[161],"as":[162,164],"well":[163],"demand":[166],"extra":[168],"time":[170],"resources.":[172],"The":[173],"inadequate":[174],"autonomy":[175],"override":[177],"AI-based":[178],"assessments":[179],"further":[180],"frustrates":[181],"users":[182],"who":[183],"have":[184],"use":[186],"these":[187],"at":[190,226],"work.":[191],"Finally,":[192],"calls":[195],"sociological":[197],"research":[198],"specify":[200],"conditions":[201],"mechanisms":[203],"ameliorate":[205],"adverse":[206],"enhance":[209],"embedding":[213],"study":[215],"concrete":[221],"political":[224],"contexts":[225],"multiple":[227],"levels.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2024-04-23T00:00:00"}