{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394924909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.676","title":"Using extreme value theory to evaluate the leading pedestrian interval road safety intervention","display_name":"Using extreme value theory to evaluate the leading pedestrian interval road safety intervention","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394924909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/sta4.676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.676","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sta4.676","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193439","display_name":"Stat","issn_l":"2049-1573","issn":["2049-1573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stat","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sta4.676","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070204601","display_name":"Nicola Hewett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1519-7326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1519-7326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Hewett","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1519-7326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015458273","display_name":"Lee Fawcett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-230X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-230X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee Fawcett","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021773740","display_name":"Andrew Golightly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-1279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-1279"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Golightly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089448712","display_name":"Neil Thorpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-2037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-2037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149862","display_name":"Jacobs (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/047khcd84","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149862","https://openalex.org/I4210150894"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Thorpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jacobs, Rotterdam House, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jacobs, Rotterdam House, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149862"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070204601"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":{"value":3610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3610},"apc_paid":{"value":3610,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3610},"fwci":2.2188,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87350509,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11720","display_name":"Probability and Risk Models","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11720","display_name":"Probability and Risk Models","score":0.8359000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.0812000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.023000000044703484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-safety-measures","display_name":"road safety measures","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signalized-intersections","display_name":"signalized intersections","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-value-theory","display_name":"extreme value theory","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-encroachment-time","display_name":"post-encroachment time","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/before-and-after-study","display_name":"before-after study","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-dependence","display_name":"time dependence","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-hotspots","display_name":"collision hotspots","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-misses","display_name":"near misses","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-safety","display_name":"road safety","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.7822870016098022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5021984577178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4783068001270294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147581598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729429","display_name":"Extreme value theory","level":2,"score":0.45045122504234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.4397678077220917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2966550588607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2715672254562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2466588020324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2111288607120514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16526183485984802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/sta4.676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.676","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sta4.676","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193439","display_name":"Stat","issn_l":"2049-1573","issn":["2049-1573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stat","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/:2389911","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2306.05925","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2306.05925","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.05925","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:2389911","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/2389911/1/Published%20Journal%20Article","pdf_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/2396835/2389911VoR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2306.05925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.05925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.05925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/sta4.676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.676","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sta4.676","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193439","display_name":"Stat","issn_l":"2049-1573","issn":["2049-1573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stat","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8787999749183655},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.46810001134872437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394924909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394924909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128533561","https://openalex.org/W1500657154","https://openalex.org/W1560564256","https://openalex.org/W1583229722","https://openalex.org/W1992881141","https://openalex.org/W2000412447","https://openalex.org/W2001443982","https://openalex.org/W2008703230","https://openalex.org/W2036983007","https://openalex.org/W2046696691","https://openalex.org/W2047100363","https://openalex.org/W2053673947","https://openalex.org/W2076877070","https://openalex.org/W2108836550","https://openalex.org/W2109246257","https://openalex.org/W2122456939","https://openalex.org/W2138309709","https://openalex.org/W2139224138","https://openalex.org/W2140254487","https://openalex.org/W2163738067","https://openalex.org/W2164749727","https://openalex.org/W2312194337","https://openalex.org/W2324099123","https://openalex.org/W2497005107","https://openalex.org/W2510083819","https://openalex.org/W2566868490","https://openalex.org/W2797922901","https://openalex.org/W2800104018","https://openalex.org/W2907431906","https://openalex.org/W2963419474","https://openalex.org/W2978050956","https://openalex.org/W3085071513","https://openalex.org/W3186881806","https://openalex.org/W4312210751","https://openalex.org/W4388319964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312210751","https://openalex.org/W2930624295","https://openalex.org/W3085071513","https://openalex.org/W4396915123","https://openalex.org/W2955168573","https://openalex.org/W4380488415","https://openalex.org/W2895488397","https://openalex.org/W3005506329","https://openalex.org/W7127087354","https://openalex.org/W2062702018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Improving":[0],"road":[1,30,61],"safety":[2,62,116],"is":[3,39,58,160],"hugely":[4],"important":[5],"with":[6,169],"the":[7,12,85,102,106,136,172],"number":[8],"of":[9,29,47,84,104,165],"deaths":[10],"on":[11,146],"world's":[13],"roads":[14],"remaining":[15],"unacceptably":[16],"high;":[17],"an":[18],"estimated":[19],"1.3":[20],"million":[21],"people":[22],"die":[23],"each":[24],"year":[25],"as":[26,114],"a":[27,44,82,115,119,143],"result":[28],"traffic":[31,75,89,125],"collisions.":[32],"Current":[33],"practice":[34],"for":[35,178],"treating":[36],"collision":[37],"hotspots":[38],"almost":[40],"always":[41],"reactive:":[42],"once":[43],"threshold":[45],"level":[46],"collisions":[48,65],"has":[49],"been":[50],"overtopped":[51],"during":[52,135],"some":[53],"pre\u2010determined":[54],"observation":[55,70],"period,":[56],"treatment":[57,110,131,182],"applied":[59],"(e.g.,":[60],"cameras).":[63],"Traffic":[64],"are":[66,72,77,81],"rare,":[67],"so":[68],"prolonged":[69],"periods":[71],"necessary.":[73],"However,":[74],"conflicts":[76],"more":[78],"frequent":[79],"and":[80,132,138,181],"margin":[83],"social":[86],"cost;":[87],"hence,":[88],"conflict":[90,126],"before/after":[91,144],"studies":[92],"can":[93],"be":[94],"conducted":[95],"over":[96],"shorter":[97],"time":[98],"periods.":[99,140],"We":[100,141],"investigate":[101],"effect":[103],"implementing":[105],"leading":[107],"pedestrian":[108],"interval":[109],"at":[111],"signalised":[112],"intersections":[113],"intervention":[117],"in":[118,121],"city":[120],"north":[122],"America.":[123],"Pedestrian\u2010vehicle":[124],"data":[127],"were":[128],"collected":[129],"from":[130],"control":[133],"sites":[134],"before":[137],"after":[139],"implement":[142],"study":[145],"post\u2010encroachment":[147],"times":[148],"(PETs)":[149],"where":[150],"small":[151],"PET":[152,167],"values":[153],"denote":[154],"\u2018near\u2010misses\u2019.":[155],"Hence,":[156],"extreme":[157],"value":[158],"theory":[159],"employed":[161],"to":[162,171,176],"model":[163],"extremes":[164],"our":[166],"processes,":[168],"adjustments":[170],"usual":[173],"modelling":[174],"framework":[175],"account":[177],"temporal":[179],"dependence":[180],"effects.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-04-19T00:00:00"}