{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394853328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2458/lymph.6064","title":"UNDERREPORTING AND UNDERREPRESENTATION OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITY PATIENTS IN LYMPHEDEMA CLINICAL TRIALS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","display_name":"UNDERREPORTING AND UNDERREPRESENTATION OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITY PATIENTS IN LYMPHEDEMA CLINICAL TRIALS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394853328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2458/lymph.6064","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38621383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2458/lymph.6064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2458/lymph.6064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/lymph.6064","pdf_url":"http://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/lymph/article/id/6064/download/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94060987","display_name":"Lymphology","issn_l":"0024-7766","issn":["0024-7766","2522-7963"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315944","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315944"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Arizona"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lymphology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/lymph/article/id/6064/download/pdf/","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093359320","display_name":"Maria J. Escobar\u2010Domingo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-471X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-471X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. J. Escobar-Domingo","raw_affiliation_strings":["None","Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"None","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011514152","display_name":"Valeria P. Bustos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-4246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-4246"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V.P. Bustos","raw_affiliation_strings":["None","Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"None","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025521466","display_name":"James E. Fanning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9555-6312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9555-6312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.E. Fanning","raw_affiliation_strings":["None","Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"None","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010277318","display_name":"Jose Foppiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-3531","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-3531"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Foppiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["None","Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"None","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000807491","display_name":"Erin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0261-7405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0261-7405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["None","Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"None","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048022329","display_name":"Angelica Hernandez Alvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4758-6152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4758-6152"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Hernandez-Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["None","Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"None","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042089635","display_name":"Sidian Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9197-7719","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9197-7719"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.J. Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["None","Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"None","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009059223","display_name":"Dhruv Singhal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6300-1647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6300-1647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Singhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["None","Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"None","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041984314","display_name":"Bernard Travis Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5533-3166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5533-3166"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.T. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["None","Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"None","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01297134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":"41","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9185000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.9185000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12749","display_name":"Race, Genetics, and Society","score":0.02449999935925007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11469","display_name":"Lymphatic System and Diseases","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphedema","display_name":"lymphedema","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-minorities","display_name":"racial and ethnic minorities","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underrepresentation","display_name":"underrepresentation","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underreporting","display_name":"underreporting","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-in-clinical-trials","display_name":"diversity in clinical trials","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-lymphedema","display_name":"secondary lymphedema","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"breast cancer","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race-and-ethnicity-reporting","display_name":"race and ethnicity reporting","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability","display_name":"generalizability","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-representation","display_name":"population representation","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.830191433429718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8231149911880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7673357129096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781392513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916398","display_name":"Lymphedema","level":4,"score":0.6809940338134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.5017306804656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4610177278518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.3780154883861542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3347020149230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.24074393510818481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2222522497177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11476242542266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.07411020994186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000091762","descriptor_name":"Ethnic and Racial Minorities","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008209","descriptor_name":"Lymphedema","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008209","descriptor_name":"Lymphedema","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008209","descriptor_name":"Lymphedema","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2458/lymph.6064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2458/lymph.6064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/lymph.6064","pdf_url":"http://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/lymph/article/id/6064/download/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94060987","display_name":"Lymphology","issn_l":"0024-7766","issn":["0024-7766","2522-7963"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315944","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315944"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Arizona"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lymphology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38621383","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38621383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lymphology","raw_type":"Systematic Review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2458/lymph.6064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2458/lymph.6064","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/lymph.6064","pdf_url":"http://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/lymph/article/id/6064/download/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94060987","display_name":"Lymphology","issn_l":"0024-7766","issn":["0024-7766","2522-7963"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315944","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315944"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Arizona"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lymphology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394853328.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394853328.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991247706","https://openalex.org/W2109887283","https://openalex.org/W2117200377","https://openalex.org/W2146746711","https://openalex.org/W2219329093","https://openalex.org/W2480845900","https://openalex.org/W2509928815","https://openalex.org/W2594438983","https://openalex.org/W2750726455","https://openalex.org/W2781942924","https://openalex.org/W2785981563","https://openalex.org/W2796344671","https://openalex.org/W2799601971","https://openalex.org/W2800253243","https://openalex.org/W2805586630","https://openalex.org/W2805590386","https://openalex.org/W2809577403","https://openalex.org/W2885675882","https://openalex.org/W2897474627","https://openalex.org/W2899911624","https://openalex.org/W2912167655","https://openalex.org/W2944640955","https://openalex.org/W2956058482","https://openalex.org/W2956772439","https://openalex.org/W2962956811","https://openalex.org/W2969296286","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2972947350","https://openalex.org/W2990150776","https://openalex.org/W3000592051","https://openalex.org/W3003807247","https://openalex.org/W3007898927","https://openalex.org/W3009733952","https://openalex.org/W3074187389","https://openalex.org/W3087557817","https://openalex.org/W3097849436","https://openalex.org/W3109018022","https://openalex.org/W3129237659","https://openalex.org/W3131763670","https://openalex.org/W3159659411","https://openalex.org/W3181446845","https://openalex.org/W3201198083","https://openalex.org/W4220665813","https://openalex.org/W4223498908","https://openalex.org/W4281647741","https://openalex.org/W4296127448","https://openalex.org/W4296557287","https://openalex.org/W4296925152","https://openalex.org/W4304757276","https://openalex.org/W4311318721","https://openalex.org/W4313204076","https://openalex.org/W4315880835","https://openalex.org/W4318387535","https://openalex.org/W4361301806","https://openalex.org/W4362454165","https://openalex.org/W4365511571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7084040388","https://openalex.org/W4386386639","https://openalex.org/W4382056668","https://openalex.org/W4379981919","https://openalex.org/W7131093978","https://openalex.org/W4411884097","https://openalex.org/W4386305067","https://openalex.org/W6939629341","https://openalex.org/W4409061562","https://openalex.org/W4396230044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"generalizability":[1],"of":[2,16,62,85,97,171,188],"findings":[3],"from":[4,54,70],"Clinical":[5],"Trials":[6],"(CTs)":[7],"investigating":[8],"lymphedema":[9,32,177],"treatment":[10],"modalities":[11],"requires":[12],"an":[13,167],"accurate":[14],"representation":[15,30],"the":[17,48,77,124,194],"target":[18],"population.":[19],"This":[20],"study":[21,195],"aims":[22],"to":[23,56,91,118,185,190],"evaluate":[24],"racial":[25,172],"and":[26,29,112,143,169,173],"ethnic":[27,174],"reporting":[28,153],"in":[31,67,76,193],"CTs.":[33],"A":[34,60],"comprehensive":[35],"systematic":[36],"literature":[37],"search":[38],"was":[39],"conducted":[40],"during":[41],"May":[42],"2023":[43,57],"using":[44],"multiple":[45],"databases,":[46],"following":[47],"PRISMA":[49],"guidelines.":[50,120],"All":[51],"CTs":[52,98],"published":[53],"2018":[55],"were":[58,65,74,89,156],"included.":[59],"total":[61],"84":[63],"articles":[64,81],"included":[66,75],"this":[68],"review,":[69],"which":[71,86],"6,546":[72],"participants":[73,155],"analysis.":[78],"Seventy-four":[79],"(88.1%)":[80],"addressed":[82],"secondary":[83],"lymphedema,":[84],"60":[87],"(81.1%)":[88],"related":[90],"breast":[92],"cancer.":[93],"Only":[94],"12":[95],"(13%)":[96],"reported":[99,110,115],"at":[100],"some":[101],"extend":[102],"race":[103,111,122],"or":[104],"ethnicity.":[105],"Of":[106],"these,":[107],"five":[108],"(41.6%)":[109],"two":[113],"(16.6%)":[114],"ethnicity":[116],"according":[117],"FDA":[119],"White":[121],"had":[123],"highest":[125],"pooled":[126],"prevalence":[127],"(80%;":[128],"95%":[129,137,146,160],"CI":[130,138,147,161],"72-86%;":[131],"I2=90%),":[132],"followed":[133],"by":[134],"Black":[135],"(7%;":[136],"2-":[139],"15%;":[140],"I2=":[141,149],"94.3%)":[142],"Asian":[144],"(4%;":[145],"1-8%;":[148],"89.9%).":[150],"In":[151],"studies":[152],"ethnicity,":[154],"predominantly":[157],"non-Hispanic":[158],"(92.1%;":[159],"90":[162],"-":[163],"94%).":[164],"There":[165],"is":[166,183],"underreporting":[168],"underrepresentation":[170],"minorities":[175],"among":[176],"CTs,":[178],"limiting":[179],"their":[180],"generalizability.":[181],"It":[182],"imperative":[184],"future":[186],"development":[187],"strategies":[189],"enhance":[191],"diversity":[192],"sample.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2024-04-17T00:00:00"}
