{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394841965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","title":"Habitat overlap and interspecific competition between snow leopards and leopards in the Central Himalayas of Nepal","display_name":"Habitat overlap and interspecific competition between snow leopards and leopards in the Central Himalayas of Nepal","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394841965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765061010","display_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","issn_l":"2351-9894","issn":["2351-9894"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078650380","display_name":"Narayan Prasad Koju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-0520","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-0520"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151104398","display_name":"Pokhara University","ror":"https://ror.org/02dayf324","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["NP","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Narayan Prasad Koju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Post Graduate Studies, Nepal Engineering College, Pokhara University, Nepal","Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98125, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Post Graduate Studies, Nepal Engineering College, Pokhara University, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151104398"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98125, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070604861","display_name":"Paul J. Buzzard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Buzzard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washtenaw County Conservation District, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washtenaw County Conservation District, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090625079","display_name":"Arati Shrestha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5180-8526","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5180-8526"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800730371","display_name":"Government of Nepal","ror":"https://ror.org/05gjrwv72","country_code":"NP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800730371"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arati Shrestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environment, Ministry of Forest and Environment, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environment, Ministry of Forest and Environment, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800730371"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000965218","display_name":"Shailendra Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-2342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4988-2342"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shailendra Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014814408","display_name":"Kai He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6234-2589","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6234-2589"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025514462","display_name":"Juan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-2188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-2188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050321381","display_name":"Randall C. Kyes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-3764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-3764"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Randall C. Kyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98125, USA","Departments of Global Health and Anthropology, Center for Global Field Study, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98125, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98125, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Global Health and Anthropology, Center for Global Field Study, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98125, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cheng Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanshui Conservation Center, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanshui Conservation Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095705706","display_name":"William V. Beisch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William V. Beisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Exploration and Research Society, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Exploration and Research Society, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000965218","https://openalex.org/A5025514462","https://openalex.org/A5050321381","https://openalex.org/A5070604861","https://openalex.org/A5078650380","https://openalex.org/A5090625079","https://openalex.org/A5095705706"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151104398","https://openalex.org/I155028946","https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I2800730371","https://openalex.org/I69356397"],"apc_list":{"value":2230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2230},"apc_paid":{"value":2230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2230},"fwci":3.2603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91675844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":null,"first_page":"e02953","last_page":"e02953"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11913","display_name":"Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-leopard","display_name":"snow leopard","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leopard","display_name":"leopard","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-overlap","display_name":"habitat overlap","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interspecific-competition","display_name":"interspecific competition","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coexistence","display_name":"coexistence","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-activity-patterns","display_name":"seasonal activity patterns","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prey-selection","display_name":"prey selection","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apex-predators","display_name":"top predators","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transboundary-conservation","display_name":"transboundary conservation","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife-conservation","display_name":"wildlife conservation","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910910403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30197","display_name":"Snow leopard","level":3,"score":0.9629201889038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776243061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34706","display_name":"Leopard","level":2,"score":0.8785487413406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6858193874359131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778611284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127960","display_name":"Panthera","level":3,"score":0.6039007902145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.5591959953308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5537042021751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188382862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170430","display_name":"Predation","level":2,"score":0.54412442445755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.4118644595146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25204646587371826}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765061010","display_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","issn_l":"2351-9894","issn":["2351-9894"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd1c1fe732364de4bf1a3ff6a4005e22","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd1c1fe732364de4bf1a3ff6a4005e22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation, Vol 52, Iss , Pp e02953- (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02953","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2765061010","display_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","issn_l":"2351-9894","issn":["2351-9894"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Ecology and Conservation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9599999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1297338303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRG 77/78 S&T-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325936","funder_display_name":"University Grants Commission- Nepal"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8119825679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W213-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309024","funder_display_name":"National Geographic Society"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309024","display_name":"National Geographic Society","ror":"https://ror.org/04bqh5m06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315131","display_name":"Global Environment Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/035qes868"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316420","display_name":"United Nations Development Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/051777d98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325936","display_name":"University Grants Commission- Nepal","ror":"https://ror.org/01m800e37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329664","display_name":"Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation","ror":"https://ror.org/01mqyyq64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337901","display_name":"Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01jdyfj45"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158604239","https://openalex.org/W1602290987","https://openalex.org/W1767972114","https://openalex.org/W1988057318","https://openalex.org/W2042504207","https://openalex.org/W2085102787","https://openalex.org/W2089630785","https://openalex.org/W2106809424","https://openalex.org/W2109794802","https://openalex.org/W2142499751","https://openalex.org/W2143699807","https://openalex.org/W2145562142","https://openalex.org/W2163744914","https://openalex.org/W2167162520","https://openalex.org/W2174648755","https://openalex.org/W2259404027","https://openalex.org/W2270726762","https://openalex.org/W2279426721","https://openalex.org/W2476550876","https://openalex.org/W2739931829","https://openalex.org/W2793734644","https://openalex.org/W2794078878","https://openalex.org/W2807828126","https://openalex.org/W2885718570","https://openalex.org/W2898305054","https://openalex.org/W2913193196","https://openalex.org/W2949838566","https://openalex.org/W2995203732","https://openalex.org/W3007135783","https://openalex.org/W3126793550","https://openalex.org/W3132497707","https://openalex.org/W3151028333","https://openalex.org/W3161164544","https://openalex.org/W3172173159","https://openalex.org/W3175365095","https://openalex.org/W3184800201","https://openalex.org/W3186101029","https://openalex.org/W4200592656","https://openalex.org/W4239355943","https://openalex.org/W4286489327","https://openalex.org/W4307245106","https://openalex.org/W4387576702","https://openalex.org/W4387809198","https://openalex.org/W4389350121","https://openalex.org/W4389999102","https://openalex.org/W4399648885","https://openalex.org/W4407277425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389350121","https://openalex.org/W4406135488","https://openalex.org/W7147626117","https://openalex.org/W3132497707","https://openalex.org/W4286489327","https://openalex.org/W4410528825","https://openalex.org/W4415148991","https://openalex.org/W7212389039","https://openalex.org/W4405872017","https://openalex.org/W1997955228"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditionally,":[0],"leopards":[1,6,19,21,66,75,149,152],"(Panthera":[2],"pardus)":[3],"and":[4,20,55,81,98,112,144,150,163,189,201,204],"snow":[5,18,65,106,151],"(P.":[7],"uncia)":[8],"occupy":[9],"distinct":[10,77],"habitats.":[11],"This":[12],"study":[13,88,177],"explored":[14],"the":[15,23,83,87,105,134,148,157,164,171,179,210],"coexistence":[16],"of":[17,52,58,142,160,173],"within":[22],"Gaurishankar":[24],"Conservation":[25],"Area":[26],"in":[27,61,86,170],"Lapchi":[28,62,127,197],"Valley,":[29,63],"Nepal.":[30],"Both":[31],"leopard":[32,102],"species":[33,51,57],"are":[34],"crucial":[35],"for":[36,109,136,166,184],"ecosystem":[37],"stability":[38],"as":[39,131,133],"apex":[40,161],"predators.":[41],"Camera":[42],"trapping":[43],"data":[44],"from":[45],"2018":[46],"to":[47,191],"2023":[48],"confirmed":[49],"twenty":[50],"wild":[53,113],"mammals":[54],"two":[56],"domesticated":[59],"livestock":[60],"where":[64],"have":[67],"strong":[68],"spatio-temporal":[69],"overlap":[70,146],"(\u0394=0.74)":[71],"with":[72,101],"leopards.":[73],"Snow":[74],"exhibited":[76],"temporal":[78,145],"patterns":[79],"before":[80],"after":[82],"leopards\u2019":[84],"arrival":[85],"area.":[89],"Generalized":[90],"Linear":[91],"Mixed":[92],"Effect":[93],"Models":[94],"(GLMM)":[95],"revealed":[96],"seasonal":[97,122],"prey-type":[99],"associations":[100],"presence,":[103],"highlighting":[104],"leopards'":[107],"preference":[108],"cold":[110],"season":[111],"prey.":[114],"Leopards,":[115],"however,":[116],"did":[117],"not":[118],"show":[119],"a":[120],"significant":[121],"preference.":[123],"The":[124,140,176],"findings":[125],"highlight":[126],"Valley's":[128,198],"ecological":[129],"richness":[130],"well":[132],"need":[135,165],"comprehensive":[137],"conservation":[138,169,195,211],"strategies.":[139],"record":[141],"spatial":[143],"between":[147,187],"provides":[153],"important":[154],"insights":[155],"into":[156],"behavioral":[158],"dynamics":[159],"predators":[162],"targeted":[167],"biodiversity":[168],"face":[172],"changing":[174],"ecosystems.":[175],"emphasizes":[178],"valley's":[180],"transboundary":[181],"significance,":[182],"calling":[183],"collaborative":[185],"efforts":[186],"Nepal":[188],"China":[190],"help":[192],"promote":[193],"effective":[194],"management.":[196],"isolation,":[199],"traditional":[200],"religious":[202],"importance,":[203],"recent":[205],"infrastructure":[206],"developments":[207],"further":[208],"impact":[209],"challenges.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2024-04-17T00:00:00"}