{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394814366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156","title":"Artificial Intelligence in Academic Translation: A Comparative Study of Large Language Models and Google Translate","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Academic Translation: A Comparative Study of Large Language Models and Google Translate","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394814366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156","pdf_url":"https://psycholing-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1473/429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222995","display_name":"PSYCHOLINGUISTICS","issn_l":"2309-1797","issn":["2309-1797","2415-3397"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PSYCHOLINGUISTICS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://psycholing-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1473/429","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075495127","display_name":"Mohammed Ali Mohsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-102X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-102X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47164929","display_name":"Najran University","ror":"https://ror.org/05edw4a90","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Mohsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Najran University (Saudi Arabia)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-102X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Najran University (Saudi Arabia)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075495127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47164929"],"apc_list":{"value":90,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":97},"apc_paid":{"value":90,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":97},"fwci":48.3899,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99801973,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"2","first_page":"134","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10759","display_name":"Translation Studies and Practices","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10759","display_name":"Translation Studies and Practices","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.02459999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"machine translation","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/google-translate","display_name":"Google Translate","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatgpt","display_name":"ChatGPT","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-translation","display_name":"academic translation","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-arabic-translation","display_name":"English-Arabic translation","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic-english-translation","display_name":"Arabic-English translation","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation-quality-assessment","display_name":"translation quality assessment","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-integrity","display_name":"semantic integrity","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntactic-coherence","display_name":"syntactic coherence","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-adequacy","display_name":"technical adequacy","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation-directionality","display_name":"translation directionality","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.644626259803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5590311884880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5380098223686218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5278099775314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.48645493388175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.371641606092453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35253477096557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.054928600788116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156","pdf_url":"https://psycholing-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1473/429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222995","display_name":"PSYCHOLINGUISTICS","issn_l":"2309-1797","issn":["2309-1797","2415-3397"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PSYCHOLINGUISTICS","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2f9b48ed36f34eb2a9d32cc5fbcd983c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2f9b48ed36f34eb2a9d32cc5fbcd983c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u041f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, Vol 35, Iss 2, Pp 134-156 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2024-35-2-134-156","pdf_url":"https://psycholing-journal.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1473/429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222995","display_name":"PSYCHOLINGUISTICS","issn_l":"2309-1797","issn":["2309-1797","2415-3397"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PSYCHOLINGUISTICS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394814366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394814366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991599773","https://openalex.org/W2014247439","https://openalex.org/W2146161677","https://openalex.org/W2154238592","https://openalex.org/W2163423754","https://openalex.org/W2251187191","https://openalex.org/W2251526099","https://openalex.org/W2553176868","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2594229957","https://openalex.org/W2793348910","https://openalex.org/W2888442053","https://openalex.org/W3016364508","https://openalex.org/W3144451117","https://openalex.org/W4210276879","https://openalex.org/W4230831858","https://openalex.org/W4320167623","https://openalex.org/W4321472057","https://openalex.org/W4360620450","https://openalex.org/W4365512576","https://openalex.org/W4365516555","https://openalex.org/W4382775625","https://openalex.org/W4385191065","https://openalex.org/W4385448543","https://openalex.org/W4386249236","https://openalex.org/W4387782591","https://openalex.org/W4389437528","https://openalex.org/W4391958362","https://openalex.org/W7131787185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7118254001","https://openalex.org/W4416047104","https://openalex.org/W4410774346","https://openalex.org/W4399923483","https://openalex.org/W4409848576","https://openalex.org/W4406808467","https://openalex.org/W4415761679","https://openalex.org/W4400655051","https://openalex.org/W4415780084","https://openalex.org/W4409173725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose.":[0],"The":[1,107,120],"advent":[2],"of":[3,28,40,45,96,101,152],"Large":[4,56],"Language":[5,57],"Model":[6],"(LLM),":[7],"a":[8,19,37,76,82,126,189],"generative":[9],"artificial":[10],"intelligence":[11],"(AI)":[12],"model,":[13],"in":[14,53,92,125,178,195,205,238],"November":[15],"2022":[16],"has":[17],"had":[18],"profound":[20],"impact":[21],"on":[22,138],"various":[23],"domains,":[24],"including":[25],"the":[26,41,93,99,153,206,218,230],"field":[27],"translation":[29,118,154,183,208],"studies.":[30],"This":[31],"motivated":[32],"this":[33,79],"study":[34,80],"to":[35,55,112,220,229],"conduct":[36],"rigorous":[38],"evaluation":[39,128],"effectiveness":[42],"and":[43,63,72,104,116,134,143,160,167,181,227,243],"precision":[44],"machine":[46],"translation,":[47,197],"represented":[48],"by":[49,157],"Google":[50],"Translate":[51],"(GT),":[52],"comparison":[54],"Models":[58],"(LLMs),":[59],"specifically":[60,98],"ChatGPT":[61,186,193],"3.5":[62,194],"4,":[64],"when":[65],"translating":[66],"academic":[67],"abstracts":[68,86,108],"bidirectionally":[69],"between":[70],"English":[71,182],"Arabic.":[73],"Methods.":[74],"Employing":[75],"mixed-design":[77],"approach,":[78],"utilizes":[81],"corpus":[83],"comprising":[84],"20":[85],"sourced":[87],"from":[88,131,165],"peer-reviewed":[89],"journals":[90],"indexed":[91],"Clarivate":[94],"Web":[95],"Science,":[97],"Journal":[100],"Arabic":[102,180],"Literature":[103],"Al-Istihlal":[105],"Journal.":[106],"are":[109],"equally":[110],"divided":[111],"represent":[113],"both":[114,158,179],"English-Arabic":[115,207],"Arabic-English":[117,196],"directionality.":[119,209],"study\u2019s":[121],"design":[122],"is":[123],"rooted":[124],"comprehensive":[127],"rubric":[129],"adapted":[130],"Hurtado":[132],"Albir":[133],"Taylor":[135],"(2015),":[136],"focusing":[137],"semantic":[139],"integrity,":[140],"syntactic":[141],"coherence,":[142],"technical":[144],"adequacy.":[145],"Three":[146],"independent":[147],"raters":[148],"carried":[149],"out":[150],"assessments":[151],"outputs":[155,177],"generated":[156],"GT":[159,235],"LLM":[161,172],"models.":[162],"Results.":[163],"Results":[164],"quantitative":[166],"qualitative":[168],"analyses":[169],"indicated":[170,213],"that":[171,214],"tools":[173,216],"significantly":[174],"outperformed":[175],"MT":[176],"directions.":[184],"Additionally,":[185],"4":[187],"demonstrated":[188],"significant":[190,201],"advantage":[191],"over":[192],"while":[198],"no":[199],"statistically":[200],"difference":[202],"was":[203],"observed":[204],"Qualitative":[210],"analysis":[211],"findings":[212],"AI":[215],"exhibited":[217],"capacity":[219],"comprehend":[221],"contextual":[222,241],"nuances,":[223],"recognize":[224],"city":[225],"names,":[226],"adapt":[228],"target":[231],"language's":[232],"style.":[233],"Conversely,":[234],"displayed":[236],"limitations":[237],"handling":[239],"specific":[240],"aspects":[242],"often":[244],"provided":[245],"literal":[246],"translations":[247],"for":[248],"certain":[249],"terms.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-04-16T00:00:00"}
