{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394744076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62913/engj.v13i1.254","title":"The Effective Length of Unbraced Single Story Columns","display_name":"The Effective Length of Unbraced Single Story Columns","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394744076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62913/engj.v13i1.254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62913/engj.v13i1.254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62913/engj.v13i1.254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v13i1.254","pdf_url":"https://ej.aisc.org/index.php/engj/article/download/254/253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394906756","display_name":"Engineering Journal","issn_l":"0013-8029","issn":["0013-8029","2997-4720"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800635117","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Steel Construction","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800635117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ej.aisc.org/index.php/engj/article/download/254/253","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christopher Marx","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Marx","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74628439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"20","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12940","display_name":"Structural Engineering and Materials Analysis","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13808","display_name":"Construction Engineering and Safety","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-length","display_name":"effective length","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-columns","display_name":"steel columns","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unbraced-frames","display_name":"unbraced frames","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-story-buildings","display_name":"single-story buildings","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-stability","display_name":"lateral stability","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-frames","display_name":"continuous frames","score":0.3490000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777905996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32500556","display_name":"Bracing","level":3,"score":0.8469682931900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.7602483034133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.665766716003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190812933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28923","display_name":"Chart","level":2,"score":0.6577949523925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.6379008889198303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.5169329047203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.42184022068977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4005350172519684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779793219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662870","display_name":"Brace","level":2,"score":0.286783903837204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2649286985397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13355873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850","display_name":"Connection (principal bundle)","level":2,"score":0.09824171662330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09300392866134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62913/engj.v13i1.254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62913/engj.v13i1.254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v13i1.254","pdf_url":"https://ej.aisc.org/index.php/engj/article/download/254/253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394906756","display_name":"Engineering Journal","issn_l":"0013-8029","issn":["0013-8029","2997-4720"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800635117","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Steel Construction","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800635117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62913/engj.v13i1.254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62913/engj.v13i1.254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v13i1.254","pdf_url":"https://ej.aisc.org/index.php/engj/article/download/254/253","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394906756","display_name":"Engineering Journal","issn_l":"0013-8029","issn":["0013-8029","2997-4720"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800635117","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Steel Construction","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800635117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7099999785423279}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394744076.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394744076.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2462086486","https://openalex.org/W4235381614","https://openalex.org/W2072714797","https://openalex.org/W2128159960","https://openalex.org/W2292134695","https://openalex.org/W4394744577","https://openalex.org/W2616339425","https://openalex.org/W4394778037","https://openalex.org/W2585439686","https://openalex.org/W2043346042"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,63,122,227],"AISC":[1,95],"Manual":[2,96,123],"provides":[3],"the":[4,11,21,58,70,74,88,94,107,120,149,197,233,258,267,279],"engineer":[5],"with":[6,101,235,283],"a":[7,52,111,116,136,156,183,189,208,224,236],"simplified":[8],"method":[9,237],"for":[10,18,27,193,266,278],"design":[12,59,280],"of":[13,23,30,60,73,200,238,243,269,271,281],"columns":[14,282],"in":[15,20,32,57,207,211],"unbraced":[16],"frames":[17],"stability":[19],"form":[22],"an":[24,240],"\"Alignment":[25],"Chart":[26,229],"Effective":[28],"Length":[29],"Columns":[31],"Continuous":[33],"Frames,":[34],"Sidesway":[35],"Uninhibited.\"":[36],"In":[37,215],"addition,":[38],"there":[39,114],"have":[40],"been":[41],"many":[42],"significant":[43,209],"papers":[44],"written":[45],"recently":[46],"which":[47,256],"enable":[48],"engineers":[49],"to":[50,76,119,135,155,222,260],"achieve":[51],"greater":[53],"understanding":[54],"and":[55,93,253],"accuracy":[56],"steel":[61],"columns.":[62],"effective":[64],"length":[65],"concept":[66],"is":[67,110,115,152],"based":[68],"on":[69],"relative":[71],"stiffness":[72],"column":[75,127,150,190,213,244],"its":[77],"bracing":[78,84,108],"members.":[79],"As":[80],"long":[81],"as":[82,145,164],"these":[83,273],"members":[85],"are":[86,90,251,275],"steel,":[87],"connections":[89],"fairly":[91],"standard,":[92],"can":[97],"be":[98,143,162,169],"used":[99,170],"directly":[100],"reasonably":[102],"accurate":[103],"results.":[104],"But":[105],"when":[106,187],"member":[109],"concrete":[112],"footing,":[113,159],"choice":[117,199],"given":[118],"designer.":[121],"states":[124],"that":[125],"\"for":[126],"ends":[128],"supported":[129],"by":[130,173],"but":[131],"not":[132,180,231,264],"rigidly":[133,153],"connected":[134],"footing":[137],"or":[138,202,285],"foundation,":[139],"G":[140,160],"...":[141],"may":[142,161,168],"taken":[144,163],"10":[146,203],"....":[147],"If":[148],"end":[151],"attached":[154],"properly":[157],"designed":[158],"1.0.":[165],"Smaller":[166],"values":[167],"if":[171],"justified":[172],"analysis.\"":[174],"For":[175],"multistory":[176],"buildings":[177],"this":[178],"does":[179,230],"usually":[181],"represent":[182],"very":[184],"wide":[185],"range":[186],"making":[188,239],"selection.":[191],"However,":[192],"single":[194],"story":[195],"structures,":[196],"designers":[198],"1.0":[201],"will":[204],"frequently":[205],"result":[206],"difference":[210],"total":[212],"weight.":[214],"such":[216],"cases":[217],"it":[218],"therefore":[219],"seems":[220],"warranted":[221],"make":[223],"further":[225],"investigation.":[226],"Alignment":[228],"provide":[232],"designer":[234,259],"engineered":[241],"evaluation":[242],"bases,":[245],"merely":[246],"giving":[247],"limit":[248],"recommendations.":[249],"Presented":[250],"simple":[252],"approximate":[254],"methods,":[255],"allow":[257],"do":[261],"this.":[262],"Although":[263],"included":[265],"sake":[268],"simplicity":[270],"illustration,":[272],"methods":[274],"equally":[276],"suitable":[277],"wind":[284],"other":[286],"lateral":[287],"loads.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2024-04-13T00:00:00"}