{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394675101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787","title":"Photorealism versus photography. AI-generated depiction in the age of visual disinformation","display_name":"Photorealism versus photography. AI-generated depiction in the age of visual disinformation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394675101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31467980","display_name":"Journal of AESTHETICS & CULTURE","issn_l":"2000-4214","issn":["2000-4214"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aesthetics &amp; Culture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055664917","display_name":"Liv Hausken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-7076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-7076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liv Hausken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-7076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055664917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":440.5068,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99997058,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12868","display_name":"Photography and Visual Culture","score":0.9326000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12868","display_name":"Photography and Visual Culture","score":0.9326000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12632","display_name":"Visual Culture and Art Theory","score":0.04690000042319298,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13268","display_name":"Photographic and Visual Arts","score":0.013199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photorealism","display_name":"photorealism","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-generated-images","display_name":"AI-generated images","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photography","display_name":"photography","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genre-theory","display_name":"genre theory","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-technology","display_name":"image technology","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"fake news","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.9170190095901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779702343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166770","display_name":"Depiction","level":2,"score":0.9058524370193481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119657128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11633","display_name":"Photography","level":2,"score":0.715351939201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133214962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial photography","level":2,"score":0.49210065603256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.4302806258201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.3744511008262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.30999958515167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.30883458256721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2658577561378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.15780794620513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15484991669654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.06741046905517578}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31467980","display_name":"Journal of AESTHETICS & CULTURE","issn_l":"2000-4214","issn":["2000-4214"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aesthetics &amp; Culture","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:646770dc1878409e8386e2bc3dc7256d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/646770dc1878409e8386e2bc3dc7256d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aesthetics & Culture, Vol 16, Iss 1 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.duo.uio.no:10852/110591","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10852/110591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2000-4214","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/20004214.2024.2340787?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31467980","display_name":"Journal of AESTHETICS & CULTURE","issn_l":"2000-4214","issn":["2000-4214"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Aesthetics &amp; Culture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3330454874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"316376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394675101.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394675101.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94010601","https://openalex.org/W654482049","https://openalex.org/W1505038837","https://openalex.org/W1517606245","https://openalex.org/W1532097186","https://openalex.org/W1574222311","https://openalex.org/W1574721578","https://openalex.org/W2049020685","https://openalex.org/W2091244316","https://openalex.org/W2180148443","https://openalex.org/W2407832357","https://openalex.org/W2622838128","https://openalex.org/W2747159435","https://openalex.org/W2761114287","https://openalex.org/W2799130598","https://openalex.org/W2800524965","https://openalex.org/W2963627798","https://openalex.org/W2965576280","https://openalex.org/W3011531483","https://openalex.org/W3013713063","https://openalex.org/W3015501059","https://openalex.org/W3024222102","https://openalex.org/W3095411347","https://openalex.org/W3095437076","https://openalex.org/W3118631103","https://openalex.org/W3125405799","https://openalex.org/W3141015093","https://openalex.org/W3143674973","https://openalex.org/W3164238066","https://openalex.org/W3166900385","https://openalex.org/W3213284706","https://openalex.org/W4244098250","https://openalex.org/W4281855158","https://openalex.org/W4286742149","https://openalex.org/W7052747869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402039830","https://openalex.org/W7165404643","https://openalex.org/W4409889531","https://openalex.org/W4390272165","https://openalex.org/W4399695148","https://openalex.org/W7221581323","https://openalex.org/W4409884788","https://openalex.org/W4405465408","https://openalex.org/W7214515041","https://openalex.org/W7204193334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,10,17,49,73,93,108,166,192,257,266,276],"spring":[2],"of":[3,12,20,52,56,76,116,159,168,179,227,232,256],"2023,":[4],"we":[5,155,170],"witnessed":[6],"a":[7,24,32,35,133,157,172,195,200,262],"breakthrough":[8],"in":[9,81,107,113,145,239,272],"development":[11],"AI-generated":[13,44,233],"images":[14,70,120,238,247],"accessible":[15],"to":[16,68,71,118,135,143,185,198,207,260],"general":[18],"public.Pictures":[19],"Pope":[21],"Francis":[22],"wearing":[23],"stylishly":[25],"long,":[26],"white":[27],"puffer":[28],"jacket":[29],"or":[30],"driving":[31],"motorcycle":[33],"down":[34,85],"busy":[36],"street":[37],"went":[38],"viral.The":[39],"same":[40,267],"thing":[41],"happened":[42],"with":[43,104,123],"pictures":[45],"fabulating":[46],"over":[47],"what":[48],"press":[50],"coverage":[51],"an":[53,86,204],"imminent":[54],"arrest":[55],"former":[57],"US":[58],"President":[59],"Donald":[60],"Trump":[61],"would":[62],"look":[63],"like.Amnesty":[64],"International":[65],"used":[66],"AI":[67,117,246],"generate":[69,119],"mark":[72],"second":[74],"anniversary":[75],"police":[77],"violence":[78],"against":[79],"protesters":[80],"Colombia.Boris":[82],"Eldagsen":[83],"turned":[84],"award":[87],"for":[88],"Best":[89],"Creative":[90],"Photograph":[91],"from":[92,165],"Sony":[94],"World":[95],"Photography":[96],"Awards,":[97],"announcing":[98],"that":[99,161],"it":[100],"had":[101],"been":[102],"generated":[103],"AI.Critical":[105],"reactions":[106],"public":[109,243],"were":[110],"not":[111],"long":[112],"coming.The":[114],"use":[115],"was":[121],"discussed":[122,224],"sometimes":[124],"shrill":[125],"words":[126],"and":[127,138,182,210,218,223,229,234,280,282],"phrases":[128],"such":[129],"as":[130],"fake,":[131],"fraud,":[132],"threat":[134],"photography's":[136],"credibility,":[137],"fake":[139],"news.This":[140],"article":[141,193,258],"seeks":[142],"intervene":[144],"this":[146,186],"crisis-oriented":[147,242],"debate":[148,244],"by":[149,221],"proposing":[150],"three":[151,213],"analytical":[152,214,270],"moves:":[153],"First,":[154],"need":[156,171],"concept":[158],"photorealism":[160],"is":[162,259],"kept":[163],"separate":[164],"idea":[167],"photography.Secondly,":[169],"conceptual":[173],"distinction":[174,188],"between":[175,189,278],"two":[176],"basic":[177],"functions":[178],"photography:":[180],"depiction":[181],"detection.In":[183],"addition":[184],"primary":[187],"image":[190,284],"functions,":[191],"proposes":[194],"third":[196],"move":[197],"introduce":[199],"function-oriented":[201],"genre":[202],"concept.Through":[203],"interdisciplinary":[205],"approach":[206],"photorealism,":[208],"photography,":[209],"genre,":[211],"these":[212,273],"measures":[215],"are":[216],"presented":[217],"examined":[219],"step":[220,222],"through":[225],"analyzes":[226],"concrete":[228],"recent":[230],"examples":[231],"AI-enhanced":[235],"publicly":[236],"available":[237],"today's":[240],"society.Today's":[241],"about":[245,275],"serves":[248],"neither":[249],"democracy,":[250],"art,":[251],"journalism,":[252],"nor":[253],"photography.The":[254],"purpose":[255],"contribute":[261],"simple":[263],"and,":[264],"at":[265],"time,":[268],"useful":[269],"tool":[271],"discussions":[274],"relationship":[277],"photography":[279],"current":[281],"future":[283],"technologies.":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2024-04-11T00:00:00"}
