{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394584199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.6.2.9","title":"Unveiling the Gap: Exploring Gender Inequality in Economic Empowerment Across India","display_name":"Unveiling the Gap: Exploring Gender Inequality in Economic Empowerment Across India","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394584199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.6.2.9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22161/jhed.6.2.9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.6.2.9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/jhed.6.2.9","pdf_url":"https://theshillonga.com/index.php/jhed/article/download/24/22","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178986","display_name":"Journal of Humanities and Education Development","issn_l":"2581-8651","issn":["2581-8651"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Humanities and Education Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4394584199"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://theshillonga.com/index.php/jhed/article/download/24/22","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112200976","display_name":"R. Senthamizh Veena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-0380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2970-0380"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Senthamizh Veena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112200976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9509,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72200913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"65","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13040","display_name":"Gender, Education, and Development Issues","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality","display_name":"gender inequality","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-empowerment","display_name":"economic empowerment","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-employment","display_name":"women's employment","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-gap","display_name":"wage gap","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset-ownership","display_name":"asset ownership","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-economic-participation","display_name":"women's economic participation","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-roles","display_name":"gender roles","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.8709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20555606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575","display_name":"Empowerment","level":2,"score":0.7586724758148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7563429474830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2891097","display_name":"Gender inequality","level":3,"score":0.6061426401138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4638882279396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3883060812950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.3812677264213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.38057437539100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3733143210411072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34546011686325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32832837104797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2759513854980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10135099291801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22161/jhed.6.2.9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.6.2.9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/jhed.6.2.9","pdf_url":"https://theshillonga.com/index.php/jhed/article/download/24/22","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178986","display_name":"Journal of Humanities and Education Development","issn_l":"2581-8651","issn":["2581-8651"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Humanities and Education Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22161/jhed.6.2.9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.6.2.9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/jhed.6.2.9","pdf_url":"https://theshillonga.com/index.php/jhed/article/download/24/22","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178986","display_name":"Journal of Humanities and Education Development","issn_l":"2581-8651","issn":["2581-8651"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Humanities and Education Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.9211000204086304,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394584199.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394584199.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904092005","https://openalex.org/W1977829237","https://openalex.org/W2138980537","https://openalex.org/W2140835046","https://openalex.org/W2157348685","https://openalex.org/W2325717496","https://openalex.org/W2799602550","https://openalex.org/W3092417374","https://openalex.org/W3156165516","https://openalex.org/W3184566506","https://openalex.org/W6628757245","https://openalex.org/W6636146739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140182923","https://openalex.org/W4407158112","https://openalex.org/W7220318725","https://openalex.org/W4411934443","https://openalex.org/W4388489083","https://openalex.org/W6962703646","https://openalex.org/W4312845072","https://openalex.org/W7216126471","https://openalex.org/W7214124713","https://openalex.org/W7219219887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gender":[0],"inequality":[1,51,128,217],"in":[2,13,27,58,62,83,96,109,129,132,207,218],"economic":[3,23,45,110,130,219],"empowerment":[4,131,220],"remains":[5],"a":[6,105,222],"pervasive":[7],"issue":[8],"across":[9],"the":[10,97,126,135,155,158,164,170,178,190,226,254],"globe,":[11],"manifesting":[12],"various":[14],"forms":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"unequal":[18],"pay,":[19],"limited":[20],"access":[21],"to":[22,104,124,252],"resources,":[24],"and":[25,30,47,67,81,93,115,142,163,196,229,234,245,249],"disparities":[26],"employment":[28,91],"opportunities":[29,92],"career":[31],"advancement.":[32],"This":[33,146],"systemic":[34],"imbalance":[35],"stifles":[36],"not":[37],"only":[38],"individual":[39],"potential":[40],"but":[41],"also":[42],"hampers":[43],"overall":[44],"growth":[46],"development.":[48],"While":[49],"this":[50,119,121],"exists":[52],"universally,":[53],"it":[54],"is":[55,148],"particularly":[56],"pronounced":[57],"Indian":[59],"society,":[60],"rooted":[61],"deeply":[63],"embedded":[64],"cultural":[65],"norms":[66],"historical":[68],"gender":[69,107,127,216],"roles.":[70],"Traditionally,":[71],"women's":[72],"subordinate":[73],"position":[74],"has":[75],"deprived":[76],"them":[77],"of":[78,137,157,169,172],"asset":[79,138],"ownership":[80],"participation":[82,111,182,194],"financial":[84],"decision-making.":[85],"Additionally,":[86],"they":[87],"have":[88,102],"been":[89],"denied":[90],"face":[94],"discrimination":[95],"labor":[98,143,237],"market.":[99],"These":[100],"factors":[101],"led":[103],"significant":[106],"gap":[108],"at":[112,225],"both":[113],"household":[114],"societal":[116,230],"levels.":[117],"In":[118],"context,":[120],"study":[122,147,175,212],"attempts":[123],"examine":[125],"India":[133],"through":[134],"lens":[136],"ownership,":[139],"wage":[140,209],"disparity,":[141],"force":[144,181,193],"participation.":[145],"based":[149],"on":[150,197],"secondary":[151],"data":[152],"taken":[153],"from":[154],"reports":[156],"National":[159],"Family":[160],"Health":[161],"Survey":[162,168],"Periodic":[165],"Labour":[166],"Force":[167],"Government":[171],"India.":[173],"The":[174,211],"found":[176],"that,":[177],"female":[179],"labour":[180,192],"rate":[183,195],"was":[184],"46.2":[185],"per":[186],"cent":[187],"less":[188,204],"than":[189,205],"male":[191],"an":[198],"average,":[199],"women":[200],"earned":[201],"Rs.":[202],"136.32":[203],"men":[206],"daily":[208],"earnings.":[210],"concludes":[213],"that":[214],"addressing":[215],"requires":[221],"comprehensive":[223],"approach":[224],"policy,":[227],"organizational,":[228],"level,":[231],"including":[232],"implementing":[233],"enforcing":[235],"gender-sensitive":[236],"laws,":[238],"promoting":[239],"equal":[240,243],"pay":[241],"for":[242],"work,":[244],"providing":[246],"affordable":[247],"childcare":[248],"parental":[250],"leave":[251],"level":[253],"playing":[255],"field.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2024-04-09T00:00:00"}