{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394582311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2287-3734","title":"Severity Identification of Graves Orbitopathy via Random Forest Algorithm","display_name":"Severity Identification of Graves Orbitopathy via Random Forest Algorithm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394582311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2287-3734","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38588699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/a-2287-3734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2287-3734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2287-3734","pdf_url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/a-2287-3734.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131832911","display_name":"Hormone and Metabolic Research","issn_l":"0018-5043","issn":["0018-5043","1439-4286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hormone and Metabolic Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/a-2287-3734.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376896","display_name":"Minghui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-4962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-4962"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294606314","display_name":"Beijing Tongren Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/013e4n276","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180923762","display_name":"University of Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/00rcxh774","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180923762"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153755","display_name":"University Hospital Cologne","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxhda18","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153755"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing\n                    Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China","Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University\n                    Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing\n                    Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University\n                    Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180923762","https://openalex.org/I4210153755"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076936949","display_name":"Gongfei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8582-7247","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8582-7247"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gongfei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tu\u0308bingen, Tu\u0308bingen,\n                    Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tu\u0308bingen, Tu\u0308bingen,\n                    Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Li Dong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294606314","display_name":"Beijing Tongren Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/013e4n276","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing\n                    Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing\n                    Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhijia Hou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294606314","display_name":"Beijing Tongren Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/013e4n276","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijia Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing\n                    Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing\n                    Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041591830","display_name":"Zhang Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-8146","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-8146"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294606314","display_name":"Beijing Tongren Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/013e4n276","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing\n                    Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing\n                    Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417614","display_name":"Dongmei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-662X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-662X","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0122-7633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294606314","display_name":"Beijing Tongren Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/013e4n276","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongmei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing\n                    Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing\n                    Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294606314"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7778,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81977706,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"10","first_page":"706","last_page":"711"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11538","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11538","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Eye Disorders","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11271","display_name":"Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graves-ophthalmopathy","display_name":"Graves' ophthalmopathy","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-severity-classification","display_name":"disease severity classification","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tsh-receptor-antibodies","display_name":"TSH receptor antibodies","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blurred-vision","display_name":"blurred vision","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-course","display_name":"clinical course","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-symptoms","display_name":"ocular symptoms","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning-prediction-models","display_name":"machine learning prediction models","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.8871954679489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.7008969783782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6541489958763123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5782870054244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5090312957763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.48884862661361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168743327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Random effects model","level":3,"score":0.43843579292297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4314609169960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3248339295387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29122865200042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18631428480148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000093743","descriptor_name":"Random Forest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049970","descriptor_name":"Graves Ophthalmopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1055/a-2287-3734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2287-3734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2287-3734","pdf_url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/a-2287-3734.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131832911","display_name":"Hormone and Metabolic Research","issn_l":"0018-5043","issn":["0018-5043","1439-4286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hormone and Metabolic Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38588699","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38588699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1055/a-2287-3734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2287-3734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2287-3734","pdf_url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/a-2287-3734.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131832911","display_name":"Hormone and Metabolic Research","issn_l":"0018-5043","issn":["0018-5043","1439-4286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320000","host_organization_name":"Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hormone and Metabolic Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5446651803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82071005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394582311.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394582311.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607460457","https://openalex.org/W1964345362","https://openalex.org/W2021794666","https://openalex.org/W2049129660","https://openalex.org/W2057565362","https://openalex.org/W2063823126","https://openalex.org/W2084079316","https://openalex.org/W2092055418","https://openalex.org/W2137293941","https://openalex.org/W2146834959","https://openalex.org/W2149048950","https://openalex.org/W2461126386","https://openalex.org/W2528560785","https://openalex.org/W2737706773","https://openalex.org/W2888260907","https://openalex.org/W2890601564","https://openalex.org/W2909622492","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3044762042","https://openalex.org/W3186410608","https://openalex.org/W4225359604","https://openalex.org/W4240137178","https://openalex.org/W4281396779","https://openalex.org/W4313236676","https://openalex.org/W4317728327","https://openalex.org/W4362568664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293250761","https://openalex.org/W4362588169","https://openalex.org/W7164045023","https://openalex.org/W3201076165","https://openalex.org/W7119537689","https://openalex.org/W7127154441","https://openalex.org/W4229364637","https://openalex.org/W3021979544","https://openalex.org/W4408743835","https://openalex.org/W1964345362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,22],"study":[1,26,203],"aims":[2],"to":[3,78,91,167,217],"establish":[4],"a":[5,24,177,209,214],"random":[6,72,114,156,173,210],"forest":[7,73,115,157,174,211],"model":[8,74,116,158,175,212],"for":[9,207],"detecting":[10],"the":[11,65,79,85,151,155,168,205],"severity":[12,49],"of":[13,27,50,64,82,89,154],"Graves":[14],"Orbitopathy":[15],"(GO)":[16],"and":[17,38,58,84,98,110,130,138,150,163,191],"identify":[18],"significant":[19],"classification":[20],"factors.":[21],"is":[23],"hospital-based":[25],"199":[28],"patients":[29,90],"with":[30,102,117],"GO":[31,51,60,83,94,97,219],"that":[32],"were":[33],"collected":[34,44],"between":[35],"December":[36],"2019":[37],"February":[39],"2022.":[40],"Clinical":[41],"information":[42],"was":[43,75,100,120],"from":[45,95],"medical":[46],"records.":[47],"The":[48,142],"can":[52],"be":[53],"categorized":[54],"as":[55,213],"mild,":[56],"moderate-to-severe,":[57],"sight-threatening":[59],"based":[61,181],"on":[62,68,182],"guidelines":[63],"European":[66],"Group":[67],"Graves'":[69],"orbitopathy.":[70],"A":[71,113],"constructed":[76],"according":[77],"risk":[80],"factors":[81],"main":[86],"ocular":[87],"symptoms":[88],"differentiate":[92,218],"mild":[93],"severe":[96],"finally":[99],"compared":[101],"logistic":[103],"regression":[104],"analysis,":[105],"Support":[106],"Vector":[107],"Machine":[108],"(SVM),":[109],"Naive":[111],"Bayes.":[112],"15":[118],"variables":[119],"constructed.":[121],"Blurred":[122],"vision,":[123],"disease":[124],"course,":[125],"thyroid-stimulating":[126],"hormone":[127],"receptor":[128],"antibodies,":[129],"age":[131],"ranked":[132],"high":[133],"both":[134],"in":[135],"mini-decreased":[136],"gini":[137],"mini":[139],"decrease":[140],"accuracy.":[141],"accuracy,":[143],"positive":[144],"predictive":[145,148],"value,":[146,149],"negative":[147],"F1":[152],"Score":[153],"are":[159],"0.83,":[160],"0.82,":[161,164],"0.86,":[162],"respectively.":[165],"Compared":[166],"three":[169],"other":[170],"models,":[171],"our":[172],"showed":[176],"more":[178],"reliable":[179],"performance":[180],"AUC":[183],"(0.85":[184],"vs.":[185,187,189,194,196,198],"0.83":[186],"0.80":[188],"0.76)":[190],"accuracy":[192],"(0.83":[193],"0.78":[195],"0.77":[197],"0.70).":[199],"In":[200],"conclusion,":[201],"this":[202],"shows":[204],"potential":[206],"applying":[208],"complementary":[215],"tool":[216],"severity.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-04-09T00:00:00"}