{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394570253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-01-2024-0005","title":"Addressing brain drain through employee development: the interplay of organizational commitment, turnover intention, and individual differences in Lebanon\u2019s health-care sector","display_name":"Addressing brain drain through employee development: the interplay of organizational commitment, turnover intention, and individual differences in Lebanon\u2019s health-care sector","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394570253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-01-2024-0005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/ejtd-01-2024-0005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-01-2024-0005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-01-2024-0005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764516016","display_name":"European journal of training and development","issn_l":"2046-9012","issn":["2046-9012","2046-9020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Training and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074148310","display_name":"Raghida Abdallah Yassine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4444-0476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4444-0476"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghida Abdallah Yassine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101909068","display_name":"Ronald Lynn Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-7510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-7510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Lynn Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education Policy, Organization and Leadership, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education Policy, Organization and Leadership, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4773,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98146078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1/2","first_page":"175","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.5044000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.29490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.11169999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-drain","display_name":"brain drain","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-development","display_name":"employee development","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-commitment","display_name":"organizational commitment","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turnover-intention","display_name":"turnover intention","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-frequency","display_name":"exercise frequency","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-sector","display_name":"health sector","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-medical-personnel","display_name":"non-medical staff","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital-theory","display_name":"human capital theory","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-exchange-theory","display_name":"social exchange theory","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-determination-theory","display_name":"self-determination theory","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectancy-theory","display_name":"expectancy theory","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-retention","display_name":"employee retention","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lebanon","display_name":"Lebanon","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83030740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267236","display_name":"Organizational commitment","level":2,"score":0.6965819001197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6763642430305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172256602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780716","display_name":"Social exchange theory","level":2,"score":0.6072665452957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.5678399801254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49542152881622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4909341633319855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.47290265560150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24614281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086331","display_name":"Moderated mediation","level":2,"score":0.45529794692993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1042594313621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/ejtd-01-2024-0005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-01-2024-0005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-01-2024-0005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764516016","display_name":"European journal of training and development","issn_l":"2046-9012","issn":["2046-9012","2046-9020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Training and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159878793","https://openalex.org/W1481370152","https://openalex.org/W1975774306","https://openalex.org/W1979283882","https://openalex.org/W1980050184","https://openalex.org/W1983215375","https://openalex.org/W1995031937","https://openalex.org/W2008171004","https://openalex.org/W2011545332","https://openalex.org/W2015503955","https://openalex.org/W2026689473","https://openalex.org/W2031502610","https://openalex.org/W2031965702","https://openalex.org/W2032283934","https://openalex.org/W2032427428","https://openalex.org/W2034499740","https://openalex.org/W2038984978","https://openalex.org/W2051755785","https://openalex.org/W2055804082","https://openalex.org/W2062821974","https://openalex.org/W2066504583","https://openalex.org/W2083174051","https://openalex.org/W2084515545","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2107859220","https://openalex.org/W2115217290","https://openalex.org/W2130844603","https://openalex.org/W2132173719","https://openalex.org/W2138870994","https://openalex.org/W2156614374","https://openalex.org/W2157209757","https://openalex.org/W2159401492","https://openalex.org/W2160561784","https://openalex.org/W2184934328","https://openalex.org/W2260241223","https://openalex.org/W2402093911","https://openalex.org/W2574840312","https://openalex.org/W3121891552","https://openalex.org/W3125765562","https://openalex.org/W3167516782","https://openalex.org/W3198099733","https://openalex.org/W4244579209","https://openalex.org/W4292808503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7024385777","https://openalex.org/W4282840475","https://openalex.org/W2183338795","https://openalex.org/W2559343321","https://openalex.org/W4284887799","https://openalex.org/W4246156961","https://openalex.org/W7211961864","https://openalex.org/W2184453089","https://openalex.org/W2982661708","https://openalex.org/W4284701029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,76,159,272],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,11,81,89,99,110,143,145,161,177,188,223,247,260,270,277,289],"this":[4,100,136,162,224],"study":[5,40,77,208,234,300],"is":[6,41,95,134,153,301],"to":[7,64,85,120,123,219,243,297,312],"explore":[8,244],"the":[9,47,52,66,87,96,140,166,186,200,204,207,229,236,245,248,258,263,275,280,295],"influence":[10],"employee":[12,23,69,179,251],"development":[13,180,252,282],"programs":[14],"on":[15,22,147,165,213],"organizational":[16,71,151,182,290],"commitment":[17,72,115,152,291],"and":[18,45,59,73,170,203,253,292],"its":[19],"subsequent":[20],"impact":[21],"turnover":[24,74,148,254],"intention":[25,119,149,255,296],"by":[26,83,155,197,256],"considering":[27,228],"individual":[28,156],"differences":[29],"for":[30,303],"non-medical":[31],"staff":[32],"in":[33,37,43,51,114,126,185,238,306],"a":[34,90,117,129,210,220,266,309],"health-care":[35,54,190,304],"institution":[36],"Lebanon.":[38],"This":[39,233,299],"relevant":[42],"understanding":[44,176,222],"addressing":[46],"brain":[48,194,230],"drain":[49,231],"phenomenon":[50],"Lebanese":[53],"sector.":[55],"Design/methodology/approach":[56],"Correlational":[57],"analysis":[58],"hierarchical":[60],"regression":[61],"were":[62],"conducted":[63],"examine":[65,86],"relationships":[67],"among":[68],"development,":[70],"intention.":[75],"also":[78],"made":[79],"use":[80],"Process":[82],"Hayes":[84],"existence":[88],"moderated":[91,131,154,267],"mediated":[92,268],"relationship,":[93,226],"which":[94],"central":[97],"point":[98],"research.":[101],"Findings":[102],"Results":[103],"indicate":[104],"that":[105,139,241],"when":[106],"holding":[107],"constant":[108],"frequency":[109,144],"training,":[111],"individuals":[112],"high":[113],"report":[116],"lesser":[118],"leave":[121],"compared":[122],"those":[124],"low":[125],"commitment.":[127],"As":[128],"first-stage":[130],"mediation":[132],"model":[133],"understood,":[135],"finding":[137],"shows":[138],"indirect":[141],"effect":[142],"training":[146],"through":[150],"differences.":[157],"Originality/value":[158],"findings":[160,273],"study,":[163],"based":[164],"human":[167],"capital":[168],"theory":[169,202],"social":[171],"exchange":[172],"theory,":[173,206],"enhance":[174],"our":[175],"how":[178,214],"influences":[181],"commitment,":[183],"predominantly":[184],"context":[187],"Lebanon\u2019s":[189],"sector":[191],"grappling":[192],"with":[193],"drain.":[195],"Additionally,":[196],"integrating":[198],"both":[199],"self-determination":[201],"expectancy":[205],"provides":[209],"new":[211],"stance":[212],"intrinsic":[215],"motivational":[216],"factors":[217],"contribute":[218],"better":[221],"complex":[225],"especially":[227],"dilemma.":[232],"addressed":[235],"gap":[237],"research":[239],"studies":[240],"failed":[242],"extent":[246],"relationship":[249,264],"between":[250],"highlighting":[257],"importance":[259,276],"looking":[261],"at":[262],"as":[265,284],"type":[269],"relationship.":[271],"highlight":[274],"organizations":[278,305],"implementing":[279],"right":[281],"programs,":[283],"they":[285],"yield":[286],"higher":[287],"levels":[288],"subsequently":[293],"decrease":[294],"leave.":[298],"important":[302],"Lebanon,":[307],"suggesting":[308],"strategic":[310],"approach":[311],"retain":[313],"skilled":[314],"professionals":[315],"amidst":[316],"ongoing":[317],"migration":[318],"challenges.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2024-04-09T00:00:00"}