{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393365249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.173","title":"Incorporating Social Determinants of Health in the Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in a National Cohort of US Veterans","display_name":"Incorporating Social Determinants of Health in the Prediction of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in a National Cohort of US Veterans","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393365249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26502/fjhs.173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193786","display_name":"Fortune Journal of Health Sciences","issn_l":"2644-2906","issn":["2644-2906"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fortune Journal of Health Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.173","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005447484","display_name":"Karandeep Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8980-2330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8980-2330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karandeep Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI","Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081078154","display_name":"Jennifer L. Bragg\u2010Gresham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-9489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-9489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Bragg-Gresham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063377401","display_name":"Yun Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3847-3757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3847-3757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037232419","display_name":"Brenda W. Gillespie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4488-0612","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4488-0612"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brenda Gillespie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066001342","display_name":"William F. Weitzel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-3930"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102099","display_name":"VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/018txrr13","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210102099","https://openalex.org/I4210127612"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122509","display_name":"Ann Arbor VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/039n0s143","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210102099","https://openalex.org/I4210122509","https://openalex.org/I4210127612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Weitzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI","Renal Section, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renal Section, Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102099","https://openalex.org/I4210122509"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054772288","display_name":"Susan T. Crowley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-5759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-5759"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086971","display_name":"VA Connecticut Healthcare System","ror":"https://ror.org/000rgm762","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210086971","https://openalex.org/I4210095851"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Crowley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renal Section, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renal Section, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086971"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088850153","display_name":"Rajiv Saran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-8756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-8756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114445","display_name":"Michigan Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01zcpa714","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajiv Saran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005447484","https://openalex.org/A5088850153"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210114445"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04539627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"07","issue":"01","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease-progression","display_name":"chronic kidney disease progression","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-determinants-of-health","display_name":"social determinants of health","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-stage-renal-disease","display_name":"end-stage renal disease","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate-decline","display_name":"estimated glomerular filtration rate decline","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction","display_name":"risk prediction","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-ensemble-models","display_name":"tree ensemble models","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/veterans","display_name":"veterans","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sglt2-inhibitors","display_name":"SGLT2 inhibitors","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-renal-data-system","display_name":"United States Renal Data System","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6791090965270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.6716678142547607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5381776690483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.5122794508934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4803982079029083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.47929519414901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.436428040266037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.344171941280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.335094153881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1890764832496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.14321261644363403}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26502/fjhs.173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193786","display_name":"Fortune Journal of Health Sciences","issn_l":"2644-2906","issn":["2644-2906"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fortune Journal of Health Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1101/2023.07.14.23292677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.14.23292677","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.14.23292677","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2023/07/16/2023.07.14.23292677.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26502/fjhs.173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210193786","display_name":"Fortune Journal of Health Sciences","issn_l":"2644-2906","issn":["2644-2906"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Fortune Journal of Health Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306085","display_name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/033jnv181"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308927","display_name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/014q65q44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308970","display_name":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","ror":"https://ror.org/01wfv3m53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311636","display_name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services","ror":"https://ror.org/03tpyg842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319356","display_name":"Flatiron Health","ror":"https://ror.org/0508h6p74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W2118625269","https://openalex.org/W2165817472","https://openalex.org/W2355660319","https://openalex.org/W2908764224","https://openalex.org/W2943217266","https://openalex.org/W2960211841","https://openalex.org/W2962169757","https://openalex.org/W3135418643","https://openalex.org/W4399569501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972631280","https://openalex.org/W1606496894","https://openalex.org/W4200133826","https://openalex.org/W3081332639","https://openalex.org/W2782606626","https://openalex.org/W2055704044","https://openalex.org/W1986135018","https://openalex.org/W2148718224","https://openalex.org/W2103425699","https://openalex.org/W2330453918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Background":[1],"As":[2],"new":[3],"therapies":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6,99,110],"Sodium-Glucose":[7],"Cotransporter-2":[8],"(SGLT2)":[9],"inhibitors":[10],"become":[11],"available":[12],"that":[13],"may":[14],"be":[15,250],"effective":[16],"earlier":[17,32],"in":[18,33,50,68,230,243],"the":[19,34,69,92,133,141,158,226,240,254],"course":[20,35],"of":[21,36,45,132,182,212,221,239],"chronic":[22],"kidney":[23,107],"disease":[24,108],"(CKD),":[25],"newer":[26],"risk":[27,54],"prediction":[28],"tools":[29],"are":[30],"required":[31],"CKD,":[37],"and":[38,103,164,172,197,214,260],"also":[39],"to":[40,52,188,193,199,216],"evaluate":[41],"whether":[42],"social":[43,235],"determinants":[44,236],"health":[46,71],"play":[47],"a":[48,100,111,151,161,189,194,200,210,219],"role":[49],"addition":[51],"individual-level":[53],"factors.":[55],"Methods":[56],"We":[57,175],"examined":[58],"CKD":[59,67,77,88,247],"progression":[60,78,89,208,245,248,259],"among":[61],"US":[62,145],"Veterans":[63,114],"who":[64],"had":[65],"known":[66],"VA":[70,142],"system":[72],"using":[73],"data":[74,143],"from":[75],"2006-2016.":[76],"was":[79,137,225],"defined":[80],"based":[81,90],"on":[82,91],"two":[83],"separate":[84],"outcomes:":[85],"1)":[86],"rapid":[87,244],"eGFR":[93,116,224],"slope":[94],"<":[95],"\u22123.7":[96,123],"mL/min/1.73m":[97],"2":[98],"binary":[101],"outcome,":[102],"2)":[104],"time-to-end":[105],"stage":[106],"(ESKD)":[109],"survival":[112],"outcome.":[113],"whose":[115],"values":[117],"were":[118,126,170,186],"declining":[119],"more":[120,238],"steeply":[121],"than":[122],"per":[124],"year":[125],"considered":[127],"\u201cfast":[128],"progressors,\u201d":[129],"representing":[130],"9.8%":[131],"overall":[134],"cohort.":[135,202],"ESKD":[136,153,217,261],"identified":[138,176],"by":[139],"linking":[140],"with":[144,209,218],"Renal":[146],"Data":[147],"System":[148],"(USRDS)":[149],"data,":[150],"national":[152],"registry.":[154],"After":[155],"randomly":[156],"dividing":[157],"dataset":[159],"into":[160],"training,":[162],"tuning,":[163],"testing":[165,201],"set,":[166],"tree":[167],"ensemble":[168,204],"models":[169,205],"trained":[171],"evaluated.":[173],"Results":[174],"1,550,526":[177],"patients":[178,185],"meeting":[179],"inclusion":[180],"criteria,":[181],"which":[183],"930,615":[184],"assigned":[187],"training":[190],"cohort,":[191,196],"309,831":[192],"tuning":[195],"310,044":[198],"Tree":[203],"predicted":[206],"fast":[207,258],"C-statistic":[211,220],"0.79":[213],"time":[215],"0.90.":[222],"Baseline":[223],"most":[227],"important":[228,241],"variable":[229],"predicting":[231],"both":[232],"outcomes,":[233],"though":[234,253],"constituted":[237],"variables":[242],"Conclusions":[246],"can":[249],"accurately":[251],"predicted,":[252],"predictors":[255],"differ":[256],"for":[257],"onset.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}