{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393357066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040408","title":"The \u201cRestoration of the Restoration\u201d: Investigation of a Complex Surface and Interface Pattern in the Roman Wall Paintings of Volsinii Novi (Bolsena, Central Italy)","display_name":"The \u201cRestoration of the Restoration\u201d: Investigation of a Complex Surface and Interface Pattern in the Roman Wall Paintings of Volsinii Novi (Bolsena, Central Italy)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393357066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/coatings14040408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040408","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/14/4/408/pdf?version=1711715694","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205742","display_name":"Coatings","issn_l":"2079-6412","issn":["2079-6412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coatings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/14/4/408/pdf?version=1711715694","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040838884","display_name":"Claudia Pelosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-5267","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-5267"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Pelosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Diagnostics and Materials Science, DEIM Department, University of Tuscia, Largo dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-5267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Diagnostics and Materials Science, DEIM Department, University of Tuscia, Largo dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 01100 Viterbo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094163078","display_name":"Filomena D\u0131 Stas\u0131o","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filomena Di Stasio","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIBAF Department, University of Tuscia, Largo dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIBAF Department, University of Tuscia, Largo dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 01100 Viterbo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027707611","display_name":"Luca Lanteri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-3515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-3515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","ror":"https://ror.org/03svwq685","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Lanteri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Diagnostics and Materials Science, DEIM Department, University of Tuscia, Largo dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-3515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Diagnostics and Materials Science, DEIM Department, University of Tuscia, Largo dell\u2019Universit\u00e0, 01100 Viterbo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005674534","display_name":"Martina Zuena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina Zuena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Department, University of Rome 3, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Department, University of Rome 3, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116677723","display_name":"Marta Sardara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2183-0149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2183-0149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Sardara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Department, University of Rome 3, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Department, University of Rome 3, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012190204","display_name":"Armida Sodo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-1610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-1610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","display_name":"Roma Tre University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf0dg29","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armida Sodo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Department, University of Rome 3, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7005-1610","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Department, University of Rome 3, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040838884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":8.6849,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97148299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"408","last_page":"408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11643","display_name":"Building materials and conservation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roman-wall-painting","display_name":"Roman wall painting","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/painting-restoration","display_name":"painting restoration","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigment-analysis","display_name":"pigment analysis","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-oxalate","display_name":"calcium oxalate","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-arsenate","display_name":"copper arsenate","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conichalcite","display_name":"conichalcite","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duftite","display_name":"duftite","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egyptian-blue","display_name":"Egyptian blue","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ochre","display_name":"ochre","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.7432287931442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5571494102478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.42127883434295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4147694408893585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.297077476978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.2451801300048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09734132885932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07353410124778748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0536976158618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55352822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5558978","display_name":"Gibbs isotherm","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58226133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324199","display_name":"Pulmonary surfactant","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/coatings14040408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040408","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/14/4/408/pdf?version=1711715694","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205742","display_name":"Coatings","issn_l":"2079-6412","issn":["2079-6412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coatings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.unitus.it:2067/51394","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2067/51394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196492","display_name":"UnitusOpen (Tuscia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138938424","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138938424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma3.it:11590/486487","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11590/486487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196120","display_name":"Iris (Roma Tre University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I119003972","host_organization_name":"Roma Tre University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119003972"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/coatings14040408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040408","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/14/4/408/pdf?version=1711715694","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205742","display_name":"Coatings","issn_l":"2079-6412","issn":["2079-6412"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Coatings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393357066.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393357066.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000548753","https://openalex.org/W2009713287","https://openalex.org/W2019609259","https://openalex.org/W2026830852","https://openalex.org/W2034328893","https://openalex.org/W2053713348","https://openalex.org/W2056165363","https://openalex.org/W2058314351","https://openalex.org/W2060840121","https://openalex.org/W2079079163","https://openalex.org/W2095412057","https://openalex.org/W2165858882","https://openalex.org/W2494566811","https://openalex.org/W2561814953","https://openalex.org/W2581457440","https://openalex.org/W2791099389","https://openalex.org/W2894529547","https://openalex.org/W2979063071","https://openalex.org/W2991249921","https://openalex.org/W3169740841","https://openalex.org/W3198898226","https://openalex.org/W3207411729","https://openalex.org/W3208382150","https://openalex.org/W3210786753","https://openalex.org/W3215584276","https://openalex.org/W4282917404","https://openalex.org/W4327740396","https://openalex.org/W4379518881","https://openalex.org/W4389221624","https://openalex.org/W4390863712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3021442433","https://openalex.org/W2888662995","https://openalex.org/W2063448327","https://openalex.org/W4242587957","https://openalex.org/W2991249921","https://openalex.org/W3208382150","https://openalex.org/W4391030317","https://openalex.org/W2084029182","https://openalex.org/W3032214123","https://openalex.org/W4392231507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(1)":[0],"Background:":[1],"The":[2],"present":[3,128],"paper":[4],"reports":[5],"the":[6,9,13,20,26,29,43,56,96,130,135,183,187,192],"results":[7],"of":[8,16,19,25,33,98,134,177],"analyses":[10],"performed":[11],"on":[12,191,202],"wall":[14,104,136,193],"paintings":[15,194],"Room":[17],"E":[18],"Domus":[21],"delle":[22],"Pitture":[23],"(Room":[24],"Paintings)":[27],"in":[28,102,129,180,197],"Roman":[30,103],"archaeological":[31],"site":[32],"Volsinii":[34],"Novi":[35],"(Bolsena,":[36],"Viterbo,":[37],"Central":[38],"Italy)":[39],"aimed":[40],"at":[41],"supporting":[42],"recently":[44],"concluded":[45],"restoration.":[46],"(2)":[47],"Methods:":[48],"ultraviolet":[49],"fluorescence":[50,66],"photography":[51],"was":[52,148],"conducted":[53],"to":[54,182,204],"evaluate":[55],"conservation":[57],"state.":[58],"Painting":[59],"materials":[60,127],"were":[61],"investigated":[62],"via":[63],"portable":[64],"X-ray":[65],"spectrometer":[67],"(p-XRF),":[68],"\u00b5-Raman":[69,153],"spectroscopy,":[70],"cross-section":[71],"analysis":[72,94],"under":[73],"polarizing":[74],"microscope,":[75],"scanning":[76],"electron":[77],"microscopy":[78],"coupled":[79],"with":[80,125],"energy":[81],"dispersive":[82],"spectroscopy":[83,154],"(SEM-EDS),":[84],"and":[85,110,122,132,142,179],"Fourier":[86],"transform":[87],"infrared":[88],"(FTIR)":[89],"spectroscopy.":[90],"(3)":[91],"Results:":[92],"This":[93,168],"revealed":[95],"presence":[97],"traditional":[99],"pigments":[100,116],"used":[101],"paintings,":[105],"such":[106],"as":[107],"ochres,":[108],"earths,":[109],"Egyptian":[111],"blue.":[112],"Additionally,":[113],"it":[114],"identified":[115],"from":[117,173],"previous":[118],"restoration":[119,184],"containing":[120,138],"titanium":[121],"chromium,":[123],"along":[124],"other":[126],"surface":[131],"interface":[133],"painting":[137],"arsenic,":[139],"copper,":[140],"lead,":[141],"vanadium,":[143],"where":[144],"a":[145,200],"bluish":[146,189],"alteration":[147],"observed.":[149],"In":[150],"these":[151],"samples,":[152],"detected":[155],"calcium":[156],"oxalates":[157],"but":[158],"also":[159],"copper":[160],"arsenates,":[161],"likely":[162],"conichalcite":[163],"and/or":[164],"duftite.":[165],"(4)":[166],"Conclusions:":[167],"result":[169],"is":[170],"highly":[171],"relevant":[172],"an":[174],"analytical":[175],"point":[176],"view":[178],"relation":[181],"decisions.":[185],"Addressing":[186],"irregular":[188],"stains":[190],"poses":[195],"challenges":[196],"understanding,":[198],"requiring":[199],"decision":[201],"whether":[203],"remove":[205],"or":[206],"retain":[207],"them.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-04-01T00:00:00"}