{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393301993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","title":"Sol\u2013Gel-Derived TiO 2 and TiO 2 /Cu Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Efficacy","display_name":"Sol\u2013Gel-Derived TiO 2 and TiO 2 /Cu Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Efficacy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393301993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38617704","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11007835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239500","display_name":"ACS Omega","issn_l":"2470-1343","issn":["2470-1343"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Omega","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094275237","display_name":"Njabulo Sondezi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17948180","display_name":"Mintek","ror":"https://ror.org/05snt2t16","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17948180"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Njabulo Sondezi","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa","Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17948180","https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025365503","display_name":"Zikhona Njengele\u2010Tetyana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7329-7015","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7329-7015"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17948180","display_name":"Mintek","ror":"https://ror.org/05snt2t16","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17948180"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zikhona Njengele-Tetyana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Materials Division, DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Materials Division, DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17948180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002555565","display_name":"Kgabo Phillemon Matabola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-5434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-5434"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17948180","display_name":"Mintek","ror":"https://ror.org/05snt2t16","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17948180"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90546491","display_name":"University of Limpopo","ror":"https://ror.org/017p87168","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90546491"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kgabo Phillemon Matabola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Materials Division, DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa","Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Materials Division, DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17948180"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Water and Sanitation, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90546491"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006016949","display_name":"Thollwana Andretta Makhetha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1942-6661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1942-6661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17948180","display_name":"Mintek","ror":"https://ror.org/05snt2t16","country_code":"ZA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17948180"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thollwana Andretta Makhetha","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa","Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1942-6661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Water Research Node, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17948180","https://openalex.org/I24027795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006016949"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17948180","https://openalex.org/I24027795"],"apc_list":{"value":1935,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1935},"apc_paid":{"value":1935,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1935},"fwci":5.7205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98213782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"14","first_page":"15959","last_page":"15970"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10079","display_name":"Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10024","display_name":"TiO2 Photocatalysis and Solar Cells","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium-dioxide-nanoparticles","display_name":"titanium dioxide nanoparticles","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cu-doping","display_name":"copper doping","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibacterial-activity","display_name":"antibacterial activity","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sol-gel-synthesis","display_name":"sol-gel synthesis","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatase","display_name":"anatase","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-subtilis","display_name":"Bacillus subtilis","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-morphology","display_name":"nanoparticle morphology","score":0.722000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175708663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899559","display_name":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.827400803565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.7567132711410522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413357","display_name":"Anatase","level":4,"score":0.7243983149528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60100273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902806","display_name":"Thermogravimetric analysis","level":2,"score":0.7003450989723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.6772741079330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.6311632394790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.620749831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.615411102771759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5516654849052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146088050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744818","display_name":"Transmission electron microscopy","level":2,"score":0.5070986747741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59061564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783071","display_name":"Thermal stability","level":2,"score":0.4868118464946747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530","display_name":"Antibacterial activity","level":3,"score":0.44216692447662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41559749841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.39748701453208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2736437916755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2484191358089447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218831","display_name":"Photocatalysis","level":3,"score":0.09019818902015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.07751527428627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.07332128286361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.05862009525299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.04836225509643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239500","display_name":"ACS Omega","issn_l":"2470-1343","issn":["2470-1343"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Omega","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11007835","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11007835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Omega","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38617704","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38617704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS omega","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da67c85af0e44daf8be4e95adef15794","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da67c85af0e44daf8be4e95adef15794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACS Omega, Vol 9, Iss 14, Pp 15959-15970 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c09308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239500","display_name":"ACS Omega","issn_l":"2470-1343","issn":["2470-1343"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Omega","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W765727653","https://openalex.org/W1861128332","https://openalex.org/W1969014448","https://openalex.org/W2010733614","https://openalex.org/W2015884448","https://openalex.org/W2022750332","https://openalex.org/W2025040300","https://openalex.org/W2044573491","https://openalex.org/W2046465279","https://openalex.org/W2094402189","https://openalex.org/W2149764588","https://openalex.org/W2165685541","https://openalex.org/W2220228965","https://openalex.org/W2293946454","https://openalex.org/W2336829733","https://openalex.org/W2466296630","https://openalex.org/W2557306709","https://openalex.org/W2565942037","https://openalex.org/W2746652865","https://openalex.org/W2788158039","https://openalex.org/W2791109430","https://openalex.org/W2800459754","https://openalex.org/W2898151544","https://openalex.org/W2898475340","https://openalex.org/W2913439757","https://openalex.org/W2930730603","https://openalex.org/W2950298769","https://openalex.org/W2981799475","https://openalex.org/W2986560203","https://openalex.org/W3002080239","https://openalex.org/W3005632431","https://openalex.org/W3006387596","https://openalex.org/W3008901732","https://openalex.org/W3020999421","https://openalex.org/W3021926740","https://openalex.org/W3025477883","https://openalex.org/W3044473425","https://openalex.org/W3138653957","https://openalex.org/W3152562285","https://openalex.org/W3155859937","https://openalex.org/W3159249418","https://openalex.org/W3173938953","https://openalex.org/W3198758155","https://openalex.org/W4200436234","https://openalex.org/W4213135423","https://openalex.org/W4223442156","https://openalex.org/W4292831014","https://openalex.org/W4295299054","https://openalex.org/W4306918335","https://openalex.org/W4307372726","https://openalex.org/W4308155110","https://openalex.org/W4315471428","https://openalex.org/W4319015159","https://openalex.org/W4367397112","https://openalex.org/W4384156984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3155859937","https://openalex.org/W4403750540","https://openalex.org/W7214461768","https://openalex.org/W4409293819","https://openalex.org/W2186651200","https://openalex.org/W7172092957","https://openalex.org/W7215275502","https://openalex.org/W2992343105","https://openalex.org/W4236169478","https://openalex.org/W2608725378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"Resolution":[1],"Image":[2],"Download":[3],"MS":[4],"PowerPoint":[5],"Slide":[6],"This":[7],"study":[8],"reports":[9],"on":[10,175],"the":[11,16,26,71,75,82,87,94,97,106,109,114,140,163,176,182,187,190],"antibacterial":[12,177,191],"efficacy":[13],"of":[14,74,84,96,101,122,165],"both":[15],"TiO":[17,20,88,102,116,123,133,137,142,168],"2":[18,21,89,103,117,124,134,138,143,169],"and":[19,62,68,79,139,155,198,203],"/Cu":[22,104,125],"nanoparticles":[23,144],"prepared":[24],"through":[25],"sol\u2013gel":[27],"method.":[28],"The":[29,66,91,119],"materials":[30],"were":[31,145],"characterized":[32],"by":[33],"scanning":[34],"electron":[35,39],"microscopy":[36,40],"(SEM),":[37],"transmission":[38],"(TEM),":[41],"energy-dispersive":[42],"X-ray":[43,46,55],"spectroscopy":[44,51,57],"(EDS),":[45],"diffraction":[47],"(XRD),":[48],"Fourier-transform":[49],"infrared":[50],"(FTIR),":[52],"Raman":[53],"spectroscopy,":[54],"photoelectron":[56],"(XPS),":[58],"thermogravimetric":[59],"analysis":[60],"(TGA),":[61],"Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller":[63],"(BET)":[64],"analysis.":[65],"SEM":[67],"TEM":[69],"showed":[70],"spherical":[72],"morphology":[73],"nanoparticles,":[76],"while":[77,105],"EDX":[78],"XPS":[80],"confirmed":[81,93],"incorporation":[83],"Cu":[85,166],"into":[86],"nanoparticles.":[90,118],"XRD":[92],"formation":[95],"tetragonal":[98],"anatase":[99],"phase":[100],"FTIR":[107],"revealed":[108],"functional":[110],"groups":[111],"linked":[112],"to":[113,128,167,181,195],"doped":[115,141],"thermal":[120],"stability":[121],"was":[126,193],"found":[127],"be":[129,196],"lower":[130,183],"than":[131],"pure":[132],".":[135],"Moreover,":[136],"notably":[146],"effective":[147],"against":[148,200],"Bacillus":[149],"subtilis":[150,153,202],"(":[151,158],"B.":[152,201],")":[154],"Escherichia":[156],"coli":[157,160],"E.":[159,204],");":[161],"however,":[162],"addition":[164],"did":[170],"not":[171],"have":[172],"any":[173],"effect":[174],"activity":[178],"probably":[179],"due":[180],"weight":[184],"content":[185],"in":[186],"composites.":[188],"Interestingly,":[189],"efficiency":[192],"determined":[194],"90":[197],"80%":[199],"coli,":[205],"respectively.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2024-03-30T00:00:00"}