{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392863707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","title":"Mitigation of cadmium-induced stress in maize via synergistic application of biochar and gibberellic acid to enhance morpho-physiological and biochemical traits","display_name":"Mitigation of cadmium-induced stress in maize via synergistic application of biochar and gibberellic acid to enhance morpho-physiological and biochemical traits","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392863707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38491471","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10941574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6444338","display_name":"BMC Plant Biology","issn_l":"1471-2229","issn":["1471-2229"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Plant Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063507309","display_name":"Tauseef Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2052-8502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2052-8502","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3570-7830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tauseef Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad ul Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan. tauseef.anwar@iub.edu.pk","Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad ul Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad ul Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan. tauseef.anwar@iub.edu.pk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad ul Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069110937","display_name":"Huma Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-4893","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-4893"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405255284","display_name":"University of Chakwal","ror":"https://ror.org/02tr8q829","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405255284"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huma Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, 48800, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405255284"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031668355","display_name":"Mah Jabeen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7707-6279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7707-6279"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mah Jabeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad ul Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (Baghdad ul Jadeed Campus), Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033511205","display_name":"Wajid Zaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6864-2366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6864-2366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wajid Zaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea. wajidzaman@yu.ac.kr","Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea. wajidzaman@yu.ac.kr","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078021683","display_name":"Hayssam Mohamed Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-4263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-4263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayssam M. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033511205","https://openalex.org/A5063507309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842","https://openalex.org/I55240360"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":4.0632,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96100575,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"192","last_page":"192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.033900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11418","display_name":"Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadmium-stress","display_name":"cadmium stress","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochar","display_name":"biochar","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gibberellic-acid","display_name":"gibberellic acid","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-toxicity","display_name":"heavy metal toxicity","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-contamination","display_name":"soil contamination","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-regulators","display_name":"plant growth regulators","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-germination","display_name":"seed germination","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-length","display_name":"root length","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shoot-length","display_name":"shoot length","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antioxidant-enzymes","display_name":"antioxidant enzymes","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-dismutase","display_name":"superoxide dismutase","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cats","display_name":"cats","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gr","display_name":"GR","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipid-peroxidation","display_name":"lipid peroxidation","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthetic-pigments","display_name":"photosynthetic pigments","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll","display_name":"chlorophyll","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carotenoids","display_name":"carotenoids","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-yield","display_name":"grain yield","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.9252138137817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544657597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091","display_name":"Cadmium","level":2,"score":0.7325716614723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5908522605895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.5718929171562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4513036012649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.445141077041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48743137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783121","display_name":"Organic matter","level":2,"score":0.41987767815589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777970491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411138","display_name":"Gibberellic acid","level":3,"score":0.41574227809906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.23896461725234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1604040563106537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11892271041870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077194","descriptor_name":"Chlorophyll A","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002104","descriptor_name":"Cadmium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002606","descriptor_name":"Charcoal","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002606","descriptor_name":"Charcoal","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003313","descriptor_name":"Zea mays","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005875","descriptor_name":"Gibberellins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008315","descriptor_name":"Malondialdehyde","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012989","descriptor_name":"Soil Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6444338","display_name":"BMC Plant Biology","issn_l":"1471-2229","issn":["1471-2229"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Plant Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10941574","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10941574","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10941574/pdf/12870_2024_Article_4805.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Plant Biol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38491471","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38491471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC plant biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:692ab5c992f24ead98833c9dd8dd1419","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/692ab5c992f24ead98833c9dd8dd1419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMC Plant Biology, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","pdf_url":"https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12870-024-04805-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6444338","display_name":"BMC Plant Biology","issn_l":"1471-2229","issn":["1471-2229"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Plant Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.875,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.7605999708175659,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8928145114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2024R123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392863707.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392863707.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172624418","https://openalex.org/W1491526509","https://openalex.org/W1514907742","https://openalex.org/W1554017319","https://openalex.org/W1557745476","https://openalex.org/W1574256531","https://openalex.org/W1837305230","https://openalex.org/W1970906179","https://openalex.org/W1971123412","https://openalex.org/W1974907033","https://openalex.org/W1983028160","https://openalex.org/W1988226525","https://openalex.org/W1991661771","https://openalex.org/W2012969379","https://openalex.org/W2024443425","https://openalex.org/W2046003961","https://openalex.org/W2057609611","https://openalex.org/W2075650505","https://openalex.org/W2096194919","https://openalex.org/W2107304486","https://openalex.org/W2107826827","https://openalex.org/W2111444582","https://openalex.org/W2114004260","https://openalex.org/W2131454121","https://openalex.org/W2149931657","https://openalex.org/W2157142550","https://openalex.org/W2163069530","https://openalex.org/W2279580671","https://openalex.org/W2291612683","https://openalex.org/W2520949432","https://openalex.org/W2530629038","https://openalex.org/W2547524428","https://openalex.org/W2564279314","https://openalex.org/W2590315510","https://openalex.org/W2736881897","https://openalex.org/W2791887359","https://openalex.org/W2795057615","https://openalex.org/W2797801359","https://openalex.org/W2892048820","https://openalex.org/W2898054965","https://openalex.org/W2902714161","https://openalex.org/W2939279976","https://openalex.org/W2948952946","https://openalex.org/W2965451956","https://openalex.org/W2993895034","https://openalex.org/W2999160333","https://openalex.org/W3014733671","https://openalex.org/W3034025878","https://openalex.org/W3036085199","https://openalex.org/W3048501238","https://openalex.org/W3096040999","https://openalex.org/W3098730935","https://openalex.org/W3113504230","https://openalex.org/W3118370487","https://openalex.org/W3121073671","https://openalex.org/W3154707435","https://openalex.org/W3193637309","https://openalex.org/W4251555200","https://openalex.org/W4298619396","https://openalex.org/W4321378076","https://openalex.org/W4323665528","https://openalex.org/W4324085394","https://openalex.org/W4367845013","https://openalex.org/W4376116393","https://openalex.org/W4383103847","https://openalex.org/W4384822750","https://openalex.org/W4385689821","https://openalex.org/W4389791830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403423713","https://openalex.org/W4390574360","https://openalex.org/W4223429989","https://openalex.org/W4405079909","https://openalex.org/W4412391852","https://openalex.org/W4401374665","https://openalex.org/W4296107218","https://openalex.org/W4410541095","https://openalex.org/W4404823975","https://openalex.org/W2946344989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Cadmium":[1],"(Cd),":[2],"being":[3,22],"a":[4,23,49,112,164,352,451],"heavy":[5,90,414],"metal,":[6],"tends":[7],"to":[8,32,36,62,84,96,98,177,376,413,444],"accumulate":[9],"in":[10,106,120,125,163,205,389,448],"soils":[11,410],"primarily":[12],"through":[13],"industrial":[14],"activities,":[15],"agricultural":[16,456],"practices,":[17],"and":[18,41,68,88,139,184,187,317,367,386,393,399,422,436],"atmospheric":[19],"deposition.":[20],"Maize,":[21],"staple":[24],"crop":[25],"for":[26,45,117,428,454],"many":[27],"regions,":[28],"is":[29],"particularly":[30],"vulnerable":[31],"Cd":[33,131,209,213,217,225,237,246,255,261,268,275,286,298,309,373,402],"contamination,":[34],"leading":[35],"compromised":[37],"growth,":[38],"reduced":[39],"yields,":[40],"potential":[42,151,419],"health":[43],"risks":[44],"consumers.":[46],"Biochar":[47,259,265,272,284,295,306],"(BC),":[48],"carbon-rich":[50],"material":[51],"derived":[52],"from":[53,80],"the":[54,99,102,127,150,199,377,418],"pyrolysis":[55],"of":[56,73,101,104,130,153,160,180,201,314,383,401,420,434],"organic":[57],"matter":[58],"has":[59],"been":[60],"shown":[61],"improve":[63],"soil":[64,86,206],"structure,":[65],"nutrient":[66],"retention":[67],"microbial":[69],"activity.":[70],"The":[71,93,133,156,311,380,408,432],"choice":[72],"biochar":[74,105,188,435],"as":[75,425,440],"an":[76,441],"ameliorative":[77],"agent":[78],"stems":[79],"its":[81,118],"well-documented":[82],"capacity":[83],"enhance":[85],"quality":[87],"mitigate":[89,445],"metal":[91,415],"stress.":[92,132],"study":[94],"aims":[95],"contribute":[97],"understanding":[100],"efficacy":[103],"combination":[107],"with":[108,208],"GA":[109,234,242,251,280,291,315,384,423],"3":[110,235,243,252,281,292,316,385,424],",":[111],"plant":[113,406],"growth":[114],"regulator":[115],"known":[116],"role":[119],"promoting":[121],"various":[122,372],"physiological":[123],"processes,":[124],"mitigating":[126],"adverse":[128],"effects":[129],"detailed":[134],"investigation":[135],"into":[136,149],"morpho-physiological":[137],"attributes":[138],"biochemical":[140],"responses":[141],"under":[142],"controlled":[143],"laboratory":[144],"conditions":[145],"provides":[146],"valuable":[147],"insights":[148],"benefits":[152],"these":[154],"interventions.":[155],"experimental":[157],"design":[158,167],"consisted":[159],"three":[161],"replicates":[162],"complete":[165],"randomized":[166],"(CRD),":[168],"wherein":[169],"soil,":[170],"each":[171],"containing":[172],"10":[173,232,240,249,278,289,301],"kg":[174],"was":[175],"subjected":[176],"varying":[178],"concentrations":[179],"cadmium":[181],"(0,":[182],"8":[183],"16":[185],"mg/kg)":[186],"(0.75%":[189],"w/w":[190],"base).":[191],"Twelve":[192],"different":[193],"treatment":[194],"combinations":[195],"were":[196],"applied,":[197],"involving":[198],"cultivation":[200],"36":[202],"maize":[203,430],"plants":[204],"contaminated":[207],"(T1:":[210],"Control":[211],"(No":[212,236,260,285],"stress;":[214,247,256,269,276,299],"T2:":[215],"Mild":[216,245,267,297],"stress":[218,226,447],"(8":[219],"mg":[220,228],"Cd/kg":[221,229],"soil);":[222,230],"T3:":[223],"Severe":[224,254,274,308],"(16":[227],"T4:":[231],"ppm":[233,241,250,279,290,302],"stress);":[238,262,287],"T5:":[239],"+":[244,253,266,273,282,293,296,304,307],"T6:":[248],"T7:":[257],"0.75%":[258,264,271,283,294,305],"T8:":[263],"T9:":[270],"T10:":[277],"T11:":[288],"T12:":[300],"GA3":[303],"stress).":[310],"combined":[312],"application":[313,433],"BC":[318,387,421],"significantly":[319],"enhanced":[320],"multiple":[321],"parameters":[322],"including":[323],"germination":[324],"(27.83%),":[325],"root":[326,335,344,364],"length":[327,330],"(59.53%),":[328],"shoot":[329,338,347,368],"(20.49%),":[331],"leaf":[332,341,350,354,361,391],"protein":[333,336,339,392],"(121.53%),":[334],"(99.93%),":[337],"(33.65%),":[340],"phenolics":[342,345,348],"(47.90%),":[343],"(25.82%),":[346],"(25.85%),":[349],"chlorophyll":[351,355,359],"(57.03%),":[353],"b":[356],"(23.19%),":[357],"total":[358],"(43.77%),":[360],"malondialdehyde":[362,365,369,394],"(125.07%),":[363],"(78.03%)":[366],"(131.16%)":[370],"across":[371],"levels":[374,395],"compared":[375],"control":[378],"group.":[379],"synergistic":[381],"effect":[382],"manifested":[388],"optimal":[390],"indicating":[396],"induced":[397],"tolerance":[398],"mitigation":[400],"detrimental":[403],"impact":[404],"on":[405],"growth.":[407,431],"enriched":[409],"showed":[411],"resistance":[412],"toxicity":[416],"emphasizing":[417],"viable":[426],"strategy":[427],"enhancing":[429],"gibberellic":[437],"acid":[438],"emerges":[439],"effective":[442],"means":[443],"cadmium-induced":[446],"maize,":[449],"presenting":[450],"promising":[452],"avenue":[453],"sustainable":[455],"practices.":[457]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-03-16T00:00:00"}
