{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392817485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4","title":"Cost of governance and human development in Enugu State","display_name":"Cost of governance and human development in Enugu State","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392817485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jpds/article/download/266522/251497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296831","display_name":"Journal of Policy and Development Studies","issn_l":"2814-1091","issn":["2814-1091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Policy and Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jpds/article/download/266522/251497","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094154689","display_name":"Florence Ngozi Nwobodo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131561025","display_name":"Enugu State University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ntynb59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florence Ngozi Nwobodo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Administration Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Administration Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5094154689"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4047,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62223456,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12204","display_name":"African Education and Politics","score":0.38839998841285706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12204","display_name":"African Education and Politics","score":0.38839998841285706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12446","display_name":"Economic Growth and Fiscal Policies","score":0.3513000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12687","display_name":"Public Administration in Developing Nations","score":0.12839999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governance-costs","display_name":"governance costs","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-development","display_name":"human development","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy-rate","display_name":"literacy rate","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-expectancy","display_name":"life expectancy","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-acquisition","display_name":"skill acquisition","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital-development","display_name":"human capital development","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enugu-state","display_name":"Enugu State","score":0.7630000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.7529940605163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.7092725038528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133925201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188419","display_name":"Life expectancy","level":3,"score":0.544322669506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5240964293479919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5029687285423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917873","display_name":"Human development (humanity)","level":2,"score":0.48421788215637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.4715811312198639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44302403926849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.35458824038505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33899861574172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1939009726047516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.17004558444023132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1390240490436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.1343187391757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jpds/article/download/266522/251497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296831","display_name":"Journal of Policy and Development Studies","issn_l":"2814-1091","issn":["2814-1091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Policy and Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v15i1.4","pdf_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jpds/article/download/266522/251497","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4390296831","display_name":"Journal of Policy and Development Studies","issn_l":"2814-1091","issn":["2814-1091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Policy and Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392817485.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392817485.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603977944","https://openalex.org/W2152856194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3027379673","https://openalex.org/W7217251889","https://openalex.org/W7167598070","https://openalex.org/W7164517790","https://openalex.org/W1603977944","https://openalex.org/W7099660224","https://openalex.org/W2126592278","https://openalex.org/W4414134471","https://openalex.org/W4382929568","https://openalex.org/W7214844378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35,44,63,73,83,130,162],"study":[1,28,36,48,131,163],"appraised":[2],"the":[3,47,58,69,81,94,145,185],"Cost":[4,87,118],"of":[5,42,46,61,88,102,119,135,155,187],"governance":[6,89,103,120,136],"and":[7,39,91,116,122,159,171,190],"Human":[8,148],"Development":[9],"in":[10,79,97,113,127,140,168],"Enugu":[11,98,114,128,141],"State.":[12,129,142],"To":[13],"achieve":[14],"these":[15,180],"objectives,":[16],"three":[17,23],"research":[18,33],"questions":[19],"were":[20,25],"raised":[21],"while":[22],"hypotheses":[24],"stated.":[26],"This":[27],"adapted":[29],"a":[30,105,152,188],"descriptive":[31],"survey":[32],"design.":[34],"employed":[37],"secondary":[38],"primary":[40],"sources":[41],"data.":[43],"population":[45],"was":[49,54,66,77],"1106681.":[50],"Taro":[51],"Yamane":[52],"formula":[53],"used":[55],"to":[56,144,179,184],"determine":[57],"sample":[59],"size":[60],"400.":[62],"collected":[64],"data":[65],"analysed":[67],"through":[68],"use":[70],"mean":[71],"score.":[72],"z-test":[74],"analysis":[75],"technique":[76],"applied":[78],"testing":[80],"hypotheses.":[82],"findings":[84],"revealed":[85],"that":[86,100,117,133,147],"significantly":[90,121],"negatively":[92,123],"affected":[93],"literacy":[95],"rates":[96],"State,":[99],"cost":[101,134],"had":[104],"significant":[106],"negative":[107],"effect":[108],"on":[109],"life":[110],"expectancy":[111],"rate":[112],"State":[115],"affect":[124],"skill":[125],"acquisition":[126],"concluded":[132],"undermine":[137],"human":[138,194],"development":[139,150,173],"Notwithstanding":[143],"fact":[146],"capital":[149,195],"is":[151,174],"critical":[153],"component":[154],"sustainable":[156],"economic":[157],"growth":[158],"societal":[160],"progress.":[161],"recommended":[164],"for":[165],"prioritizing":[166],"investments":[167],"education,":[169],"healthcare,":[170],"skills":[172],"essential.":[175],"Allocating":[176],"adequate":[177],"funds":[178],"sectors":[181],"will":[182],"contribute":[183],"creation":[186],"robust":[189],"skilled":[191],"workforce,":[192],"fostering":[193],"development.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2024-03-15T00:00:00"}
