{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392668942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","title":"Are Deep Frying Practices Employed by Food Vendors in Mtwapa and Junju Communities of Kilifi County Safe? An Exploratory Study","display_name":"Are Deep Frying Practices Employed by Food Vendors in Mtwapa and Junju Communities of Kilifi County Safe? An Exploratory Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392668942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS, DIET, HEALTH INEQUALITIES AND POLICY","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4392668942"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094094044","display_name":"Kilian. M Mkamburi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-2140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-2140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I279922783","display_name":"Pwani University","ror":"https://ror.org/02952pd71","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kilian. M Mkamburi","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Coast Medical College","Pwani University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-2140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Coast Medical College","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pwani University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093271860","display_name":"Evayline. M Nkirigacha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7715","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7715"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evayline. M Nkirigacha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7715","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058421579","display_name":"Patricia Mwaka Mbogoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7599-8767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7599-8767"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia. M Mbogoh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7599-8767","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106420915","display_name":"Jackin. N Nanua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7344-9893","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7344-9893"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I279922783","display_name":"Pwani University","ror":"https://ror.org/02952pd71","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackin. N Nanua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chuka University","Pwani University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7344-9893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chuka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pwani University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I279922783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10909","display_name":"Edible Oils Quality and Analysis","score":0.7929999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10909","display_name":"Edible Oils Quality and Analysis","score":0.7929999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":0.1890999972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11745","display_name":"Potato Plant Research","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-frying","display_name":"deep frying","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-vendors","display_name":"food vendors","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frying-oil-quality","display_name":"frying oil quality","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxide-value","display_name":"peroxide value","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-frying","display_name":"fish frying","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-safety","display_name":"food safety","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kilifi-county","display_name":"Kilifi County","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-communities","display_name":"low-income communities","score":0.3630000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854618","display_name":"Deep frying","level":2,"score":0.6607978940010071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.6175991296768188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.5356203317642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994005212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427457","display_name":"Cooking oil","level":4,"score":0.4685951769351959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993130379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1497296","display_name":"Food preparation","level":3,"score":0.426688551902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987718291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2095","display_name":"Food products","level":2,"score":0.42516815662384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.4244036078453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4220137298107147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516717267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909821","display_name":"Food safety","level":2,"score":0.34702110290527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.33791881799697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33218979835510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2881724238395691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27337127923965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12310975790023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.08774060010910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS, DIET, HEALTH INEQUALITIES AND POLICY","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-15","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS, DIET, HEALTH INEQUALITIES AND POLICY","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5666999816894531}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392668942.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392668942.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392568788","https://openalex.org/W2922146521","https://openalex.org/W7056022426","https://openalex.org/W2989664273","https://openalex.org/W2727483403","https://openalex.org/W2111459841","https://openalex.org/W7223311615","https://openalex.org/W4392630710","https://openalex.org/W4301259685","https://openalex.org/W2333702656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Deep":[1,311,374],"fat":[2,312],"frying":[3,15,67,81,121,151,157,166,176,245,262,313,375,388],"practices":[4,82,99,152,314,322,349],"are":[5,74,350],"shown":[6,58],"to":[7,284,359],"influence":[8],"the":[9,18,96,114,129,154,192,208,281,290,317,335,338,344,347,357],"concentration":[10,209,377],"of":[11,22,27,35,43,61,88,116,156,169,175,210,224,247,289,297,307,326,337,378,382],"toxic":[12,28,62,89,117,211,327,331,360,379,383],"aldehydes":[13,29,63,90,118,212,332,361],"in":[14,64,77,104,109,119,128,197,204,214,316],"oils":[16,122,246,389],"and":[17,49,54,66,83,106,112,159,162,173,185,194,207,238,275,294,352],"fried":[19,144,228,386],"foods.":[20],"Consumption":[21],"foods":[23,146,170,229],"with":[24,32,272,363],"high":[25,59,330],"amounts":[26],"is":[30],"linked":[31,362],"increased":[33],"risks":[34],"developing":[36],"chronic":[37],"diseases":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40],"some":[41],"forms":[42],"cancers,":[44],"cardiovascular":[45],"diseases,":[46],"neurological":[47],"disorders,":[48],"diabetes.":[50],"Surveys":[51],"from":[52,70,125,183,191,334],"low":[53],"medium-income":[55],"countries":[56],"have":[57],"concentrations":[60,115],"food":[65,71,102,126],"oil":[68,158,177,268,279,292,299,341],"samples":[69,182,293,300,342],"vendors.":[72],"There":[73],"limited":[75],"studies":[76],"Kenya":[78],"investigating":[79],"deep":[80,143,150,385],"whether":[84],"they":[85],"promote":[86,324],"generation":[87,381],"or":[91],"not.":[92],"This":[93],"study":[94,130,135,319],"determined":[95,113],"common":[97],"deep-frying":[98,348],"employed":[100],"by":[101],"vendors":[103,127,140],"Mtwapa":[105],"Junju":[107],"locations":[108],"Kilifi":[110],"County":[111],"in-use":[120],"randomly":[123],"collected":[124,190],"area.":[131],"Methods:":[132],"A":[133],"cross-sectional":[134],"design":[136],"was":[137],"used.":[138],"Food":[139],"(n=90)":[141],"who":[142],"their":[145,267,278],"were":[147,189,230],"interviewed":[148],"on":[149,264],"like":[153],"type":[155,168],"pan":[160],"make":[161],"shape,":[163],"temperature":[164],"regulation,":[165],"duration,":[167],"fried,":[171],"recycling":[172],"storage":[174,274],"among":[178],"other":[179],"practices.":[180],"Oil":[181],"mahamri":[184,291],"fish":[186,239,298],"(n=":[187],"20)":[188],"field":[193],"chemically":[195,339],"analysed":[196,340],"triplicates":[198],"for":[199],"primary":[200],"oxidation":[201],"status":[202],"expressed":[203,213],"peroxide":[205],"values":[206,216],"Peri-anisidine":[215],"(PAV)":[217],"using":[218],"SPECTRO":[219],"UV-18":[220],"MRC":[221],"at":[222],"absorbance":[223],"350nm.":[225],"Results:":[226],"Frequently":[227],"Mahamri":[231],"(38%,":[232],"n=41),":[233],"viazi":[234],"karai":[235],"(30.6%,":[236],"n=33),":[237],"(10.2%,":[240],"n=11).":[241],"All":[242],"respondents":[243],"used":[244,252,258],"unknown":[248],"smoking":[249],"point,":[250],"95%":[251],"pans":[253],"that":[254,323,346],"formed":[255],"rust,":[256],"all":[257,296],"trial-and-error":[259],"when":[260,280],"regulating":[261],"temperatures,":[263],"average":[265],"recycled":[266],"three":[269],"times":[270],"characterized":[271],"poor":[273],"73%":[276],"discarded":[277],"color":[282],"changed":[283],"dark":[285],"brown.":[286],"Sixty":[287],"percent":[288],"70%":[295],"had":[301],"PAV":[302],"above":[303],"Codex":[304],"recommended":[305],"limits":[306],"8.0":[308],"mEq/Kg.":[309],"Conclusions:":[310],"reported":[315],"present":[318],"portray":[320],"unsafe":[321,351],"formation":[325],"aldehydes.":[328],"The":[329],"observed":[333],"majority":[336],"corroborate":[343],"findings":[345],"therefore,":[353],"might":[354],"be":[355],"exposing":[356],"public":[358],"undesirable":[364],"health":[365],"outcomes.":[366],"Existing":[367],"literature":[368],"further":[369],"supports":[370],"these":[371],"conclusions.":[372],"Keywords:":[373],"practices,":[376],"aldehydes,":[380,384],"foods,":[387]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2024-03-12T00:00:00"}
