{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392610941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2024.5379","title":"Approval of conventional medicines in Cameroon in 2023: Why do some fail?","display_name":"Approval of conventional medicines in Cameroon in 2023: Why do some fail?","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392610941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2024.5379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5897/ajpp2024.5379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2024.5379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2024.5379","pdf_url":"https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJPP/article-full-text-pdf/99159D371884.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64826861","display_name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","issn_l":"1996-0816","issn":["1996-0816"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321074","host_organization_name":"Academic Journals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321074"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Journals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJPP/article-full-text-pdf/99159D371884.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037848200","display_name":"Joseph Bertin Alexis Zoa Bindzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3051-5772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3051-5772"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bindzi Joseph Bertin Alexis Zoa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094103708","display_name":"Ada Val\u00e9rie Etoundi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137632","display_name":"Ministry of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04bgfrg80","country_code":"CM","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137632"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ada Val\u00e9rie Etoundi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Drugs and Laboratories, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Drugs and Laboratories, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094103709","display_name":"Ngombi Afuh Aude Perine Minyem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331070479","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 I","ror":"https://ror.org/022zbs961","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137632","display_name":"Ministry of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04bgfrg80","country_code":"CM","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137632"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngombi Afuh Aude Perine Minyem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Galenics and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 3316, Cameroon","Department of Pharmacy, Drugs and Laboratories, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Galenics and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 3316, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Drugs and Laboratories, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059354808","display_name":"Edmond Elis\u00e9e Tsafack","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331070479","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 I","ror":"https://ror.org/022zbs961","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137632","display_name":"Ministry of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04bgfrg80","country_code":"CM","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137632"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edmond Elis\u00e9e Tsafack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 3316, Cameroon","Department of Pharmacy, Drugs and Laboratories, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 3316, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Drugs and Laboratories, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094103710","display_name":"Nkoulou Claude Herv\u00e9 Khou-kouz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nkoulou Claude Herv\u00e9 Khou-kouz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094103711","display_name":"Magalie Flore Mballa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137632","display_name":"Ministry of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04bgfrg80","country_code":"CM","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137632"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magalie Flore Mballa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Drugs and Laboratories, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Drugs and Laboratories, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062226920","display_name":"Nyangono Ndongo Martin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331070479","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 I","ror":"https://ror.org/022zbs961","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260516","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00c9bolowa","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2gk930","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260516"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ndongo Martin Nyangono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Galenics and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 3316, Cameroon","Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ebolowa, Sangm\u00e9lima 599, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Galenics and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 3316, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ebolowa, Sangm\u00e9lima 599, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094103712","display_name":"Dana Basil Yaba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137632","display_name":"Ministry of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04bgfrg80","country_code":"CM","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137632"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana Basil Yaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy, Drugs and Laboratories, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy, Drugs and Laboratories, Ministry of Public Health, Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137632"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018016412","display_name":"Nnanga Nga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-3645","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-3645"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331070479","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Yaound\u00e9 I","ror":"https://ror.org/022zbs961","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nga Nnanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Galenics and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 3316, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Galenics and Pharmaceutical Legislation, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaound\u00e9 1, Yaound\u00e9 3316, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331070479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"12","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14396","display_name":"Healthcare Regulation","score":0.47510001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14396","display_name":"Healthcare Regulation","score":0.47510001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.44530001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12878","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-registration","display_name":"drug registration","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-approval","display_name":"drug approval","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-compliance","display_name":"regulatory compliance","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-medicine","display_name":"Western medicine","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-assessment","display_name":"regulatory evaluation","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioequivalence-studies","display_name":"bioequivalence studies","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability-data","display_name":"stability data","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/package-leaflets","display_name":"package leaflets","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-shortages","display_name":"drug shortages","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cameroon","display_name":"Cameroon","score":0.8349999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.49314016103744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.43124711513519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.364339679479599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.36176347732543945}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5897/ajpp2024.5379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2024.5379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2024.5379","pdf_url":"https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJPP/article-full-text-pdf/99159D371884.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64826861","display_name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","issn_l":"1996-0816","issn":["1996-0816"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321074","host_organization_name":"Academic Journals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321074"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Journals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5897/ajpp2024.5379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2024.5379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2024.5379","pdf_url":"https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJPP/article-full-text-pdf/99159D371884.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64826861","display_name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","issn_l":"1996-0816","issn":["1996-0816"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321074","host_organization_name":"Academic Journals","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321074"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Academic Journals"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392610941.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392610941.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065383930","https://openalex.org/W2071640997","https://openalex.org/W2618793641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972571046","https://openalex.org/W4405387514","https://openalex.org/W4412957351","https://openalex.org/W6966677288","https://openalex.org/W3025355178","https://openalex.org/W7055277488","https://openalex.org/W4200159655","https://openalex.org/W3170921362","https://openalex.org/W4380564380","https://openalex.org/W4295981588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,205],"study":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,52,141,172],"the":[4,7,13,39,43,53,69,74,91,96,142,145,173,190,195,202,213],"work":[5],"of":[6,15,68,85,100,131,139,144,150,167,170,189,215],"specialized":[8,44,75],"commission":[9,45,76,230],"responsible":[10],"for":[11,18,36,55,90,95,185,192,197],"assessing":[12],"conformity":[14],"registration":[16],"files":[17,35,40,71],"drugs":[19],"seeking":[20],"marketing":[21,226],"authorization":[22],"(MA)":[23],"in":[24,46,77,119,221],"Cameroon":[25],"during":[26],"2023,":[27,78],"particularly":[28],"examining":[29],"why":[30],"certain":[31],"applicants":[32],"submit":[33],"noncompliant":[34],"approval.":[37],"First,":[38],"submitted":[41],"to":[42,200,212],"2023":[47],"were":[48,57,82,88],"listed.":[49],"The":[50,179],"data":[51,110],"reasons":[54,182,191],"noncompliance":[56],"then":[58],"compiled,":[59],"and":[60,113,165,218],"finally,":[61],"a":[62,168,209],"statistical":[63],"analysis":[64,132],"was":[65],"performed.":[66],"Out":[67],"768":[70],"assessed":[72],"by":[73],"only":[79],"151":[80],"(19.6%)":[81],"compliant.":[83],"Letters":[84],"observation":[86,228],"(LO)":[87],"issued":[89],"remaining":[92],"617":[93],"participants":[94],"following":[97],"reasons:":[98],"Lack":[99],"bioequivalence":[101],"studies":[102],"(19.6%),":[103],"incomplete":[104],"or":[105,134,154],"missing":[106,123,133],"finished":[107],"product":[108],"stability":[109],"(16.8%),":[111],"primary":[112,174],"secondary":[114,176],"packaging":[115,177],"and/or":[116,161,175],"package":[117],"leaflets":[118],"one":[120],"language":[121],"(11.3%),":[122,129],"control":[124],"section":[125],"from":[126],"technical":[127],"dossiers":[128],"certificate":[130,160],"not":[135],"signed":[136],"(8.4%),":[137],"absence":[138,149,166],"information":[140],"quality":[143],"active":[146],"substance":[147],"(8.1%),":[148],"edging":[151],"(6.4%),":[152],"expired":[153],"uncertified":[155],"good":[156],"manufacturing":[157],"practices":[158],"(GMP)":[159],"operating":[162],"license":[163],"(5.6%),":[164],"route":[169],"administration":[171],"(4.8%).":[178],"first":[180],"four":[181],"alone":[183],"account":[184],"more":[186],"than":[187],"55%":[188],"noncompliance,":[193],"highlighting":[194],"need":[196],"targeted":[198],"communication":[199],"improve":[201],"compliance":[203],"rate.":[204],"could":[206],"serve":[207],"as":[208],"partial":[210],"solution":[211],"availability":[214],"pharmaceutical":[216],"references":[217],"drug":[219],"shortages":[220],"Cameroon.":[222],"Key":[223],"words:":[224],"registration,":[225],"authorization,":[227],"letter,":[229],"sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e":[231],"des":[232],"m\u00e9dicaments":[233],"conventionnels,":[234],"regulatory":[235],"assessment.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2024-03-09T00:00:00"}