{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392579242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","title":"From erratic boulders to sacramental emblems - the geocultural significance of millstones embedded in the walls of Gothic churches in the Southern Baltic Lowlands","display_name":"From erratic boulders to sacramental emblems - the geocultural significance of millstones embedded in the walls of Gothic churches in the Southern Baltic Lowlands","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392579242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071126625","display_name":"Dariusz Bryka\u0142a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-4153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-4153"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099113","display_name":"Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00wtrhc98","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099113","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dariusz Bryka\u0142a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Toru\u0144, Poland (darek@geopan.torun.pl)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-4153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Toru\u0144, Poland (darek@geopan.torun.pl)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099113","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041681009","display_name":"Piotr Czubla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-6902","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-6902"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34250744","display_name":"University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a","ror":"https://ror.org/05cq64r17","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34250744"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Czubla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland (piotr.czubla@geo.uni.lodz.pl)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-6902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Sciences, University of Lodz, \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland (piotr.czubla@geo.uni.lodz.pl)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34250744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047616970","display_name":"Maciej D\u0105bski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1018-9639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1018-9639"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej D\u0105bski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland (mfdabski@uw.edu.pl)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland (mfdabski@uw.edu.pl)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006091363","display_name":"Piotr Jacek Gierszewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5842-5157","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5842-5157"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099113","display_name":"Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00wtrhc98","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099113","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Gierszewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Toru\u0144, Poland (darek@geopan.torun.pl)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Toru\u0144, Poland (darek@geopan.torun.pl)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099113","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert Piotrowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099113","display_name":"Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00wtrhc98","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099113","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Piotrowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Toru\u0144, Poland (darek@geopan.torun.pl)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Toru\u0144, Poland (darek@geopan.torun.pl)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099113","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077139781","display_name":"Zachariasz Mosakowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-1495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-1495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099113","display_name":"Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00wtrhc98","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099113","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99542240","display_name":"Polish Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01dr6c206","country_code":"PL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachariasz Mosakowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Toru\u0144, Poland (darek@geopan.torun.pl)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Toru\u0144, Poland (darek@geopan.torun.pl)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099113","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011131201","display_name":"Wojciech Bartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-2776","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7267-2776"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219388962","display_name":"University of Wroc\u0142aw","ror":"https://ror.org/00yae6e25","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219388962"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Bartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wroc\u0142aw, Wroc\u0142aw, Poland (wojciech.bartz@uwr.edu.pl)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wroc\u0142aw, Wroc\u0142aw, Poland (wojciech.bartz@uwr.edu.pl)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219388962"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094096058","display_name":"Olaf Juschus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264392","display_name":"Landesamt f\u00fcr Bergbau, Geologie und Rohstoffe","ror":"https://ror.org/01s7msz22","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405264392"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olaf Juschus","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials of Brandenburg, Cottbus, Germany (Olaf.Juschus@lbgr.brandenburg.de)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Office for Mining, Geology and Raw Materials of Brandenburg, Cottbus, Germany (Olaf.Juschus@lbgr.brandenburg.de)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405264392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094096059","display_name":"Waldemar Witek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waldemar Witek","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Cultural Heritage of Poland, Szczecin & Olsztyn, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Cultural Heritage of Poland, Szczecin & Olsztyn, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043349229","display_name":"Joanna Piotrowska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5843-1546","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5843-1546"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna Piotrowska","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Cultural Heritage of Poland, Szczecin & Olsztyn, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Cultural Heritage of Poland, Szczecin & Olsztyn, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076806596","display_name":"Karol Tylmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-990X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-990X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40413290","display_name":"University of Gda\u0144sk","ror":"https://ror.org/011dv8m48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karol Tylmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gda\u0144sk, Gda\u0144sk, Poland (k.tylmann@ug.edu.pl)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-990X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gda\u0144sk, Gda\u0144sk, Poland (k.tylmann@ug.edu.pl)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088077260","display_name":"Maciej Prarat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-2009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-2009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019271933","display_name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University","ror":"https://ror.org/0102mm775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Prarat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Fine Arts, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toru\u0144, Poland (praratmaciej@gmail.com)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Fine Arts, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toru\u0144, Poland (praratmaciej@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017489291","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Marek Pogodzi\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-144X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6912-144X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 Pogodzi\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Archaeological Museum in Gda\u0144sk, Gda\u0144sk, Poland (pawelpogodzinski@wp.pl)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Archaeological Museum in Gda\u0144sk, Gda\u0144sk, Poland (pawelpogodzinski@wp.pl)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071126625","https://openalex.org/A5076806596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40413290","https://openalex.org/I4210099113","https://openalex.org/I99542240"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14388","display_name":"Medieval European History and Architecture","score":0.40380001068115234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14388","display_name":"Medieval European History and Architecture","score":0.40380001068115234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13621","display_name":"Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies","score":0.38940000534057617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13593","display_name":"Viking Age and Medieval Scandinavia","score":0.07020000368356705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millstones","display_name":"millstones","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/querns","display_name":"querns","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gothic-church","display_name":"Gothic church","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erratic-boulders","display_name":"erratic boulders","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quaternary-glaciation","display_name":"Quaternary glaciation","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fennoscandia","display_name":"Fennoscandia","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-technology","display_name":"medieval technology","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-poland","display_name":"northern Poland","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northeast-germany","display_name":"Northeast Germany","score":0.7879999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112110","display_name":"Emblem","level":2,"score":0.8115350008010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6059218049049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22640106081962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.22265803813934326}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-9863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386973047","https://openalex.org/W4402759726","https://openalex.org/W4408438071","https://openalex.org/W7135239731","https://openalex.org/W3012467521","https://openalex.org/W4408468166","https://openalex.org/W4388274118","https://openalex.org/W412605474","https://openalex.org/W2783637315","https://openalex.org/W4407141129"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Northern":[0],"Poland":[1,271],"and":[2,24,28,47,142,177],"North-Eastern":[3],"Germany":[4],"are":[5,53,227,251],"unique":[6],"in":[7,19,42,80,135,144,207,220],"the":[8,31,63,72,75,84,105,113,120,131,136,145,151,182,192,197,224,249,267],"World":[9],"regions":[10],"with":[11,166,243],"such":[12,36],"a":[13],"large":[14],"number":[15],"of":[16,34,65,68,74,115,133,138,161,168,181,248,261],"Gothic":[17],"churches,":[18],"which":[20,38],"walls":[21,64,114],"old":[22],"querns":[23,176],"millstones":[25,250],"were":[26,39,60,110,155,184,204],"embedded":[27],"exposed.":[29],"Already":[30],"very":[32],"idea":[33,73],"sacralising":[35],"stones,":[37],"commonly":[40],"used":[41,89,101],"hand":[43],"mills,":[44,49],"water":[45],"mills":[46],"wind":[48],"is":[50],"fascinating.":[51],"There":[52,237],"several":[54,159,214],"concepts":[55],"as":[56,117,119,202],"to":[57,71,90,104,128,147,157,191,216,229],"why":[58],"they":[59],"inserted":[61],"into":[62,112],"churches.":[66],"One":[67],"them":[69],"refers":[70],"so-called":[76],"Eucharistic":[77],"Mill,":[78],"popular":[79],"German-speaking":[81],"area":[82],"during":[83,196],"Middle":[85,121],"Ages.":[86],"An":[87],"object":[88],"make":[91],"bread":[92],"could":[93],"not":[94],"simply":[95],"be":[96],"thrown":[97],"away":[98],"after":[99],"being":[100],"up.":[102],"Thanks":[103],"fact":[106],"that":[107],"these":[108],"stones":[109],"set":[111],"churches":[116],"early":[118],"Ages,":[122],"we":[123,154,226],"have":[124,238],"an":[125],"exceptional":[126],"opportunity":[127],"learn":[129],"about":[130],"degree":[132],"advancement":[134],"technique":[137],"their":[139],"production,":[140],"use":[141],"conservation":[143],"13th":[146],"15th":[148],"centuries.":[149],"At":[150],"same":[152],"time,":[153],"able":[156,228],"identify":[158],"examples":[160,183,242],"erratic":[162,188],"boulders":[163,189],"(in":[164],"situ)":[165],"traces":[167],"production":[169],"for":[170,255],"millstones.We":[171],"identified":[172],"more":[173],"than":[174],"70":[175],"millstones.":[178],"Almost":[179],"all":[180],"made":[185],"from":[186,200,213],"local":[187],"(transported":[190],"Southern":[193],"Baltic":[194],"Lowlands":[195],"Pleistocene":[198],"glaciations":[199],"Fennoscandia),":[201],"there":[203],"no":[205],"quarries":[206],"this":[208],"area.":[209],"Their":[210],"size":[211],"varies":[212],"centimetres":[215],"over":[217],"1":[218],"metre":[219],"diameter.":[221],"Based":[222],"on":[223],"millstone-eye":[225],"determine":[230],"whether":[231],"it":[232],"was":[233,264],"runner-stone":[234],"or":[235],"bedstone.":[236],"also":[239],"been":[240],"surviving":[241],"furrows":[244],"still":[245],"visible.":[246],"Many":[247],"semi-finished":[252],"pieces,":[253],"unfinished":[254],"some":[256],"reason":[257],"at":[258],"various":[259],"stages":[260],"production.This":[262],"work":[263],"supported":[265],"by":[266],"National":[268],"Science":[269],"Centre,":[270],"(Grant":[272],"No.":[273],"2019/35/B/HS3/03933).":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-03-09T00:00:00"}