{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392575382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.03357","title":"The Case for Globalizing Fairness: A Mixed Methods Study on Colonialism, AI, and Health in Africa","display_name":"The Case for Globalizing Fairness: A Mixed Methods Study on Colonialism, AI, and Health in Africa","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392575382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.03357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.03357","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.03357","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.03357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.03357","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070858687","display_name":"Mercy Asiedu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0230-5022","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0230-5022"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asiedu, Mercy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013349641","display_name":"Awa Dieng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4147-4408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4147-4408"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieng, Awa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haykel, Iskandar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haykel, Iskandar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072851389","display_name":"Negar Rostamzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-4664","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-4664"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rostamzadeh, Negar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pfohl, Stephen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pfohl, Stephen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035844932","display_name":"Chirag Nagpal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-5392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-5392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagpal, Chirag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060263747","display_name":"Maria Nagawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9268-3044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9268-3044"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagawa, Maria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032216931","display_name":"Abigail Oppong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6468-1787","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6468-1787"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oppong, Abigail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266570","display_name":"Sanmi Koyejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-419X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-419X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koyejo, Sanmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014018142","display_name":"Katherine Heller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4848-7466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4848-7466"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heller, Katherine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-fairness","display_name":"algorithmic fairness","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-healthcare","display_name":"artificial intelligence in healthcare","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning-bias","display_name":"machine learning bias","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonialism","display_name":"colonialism","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-health-inequities","display_name":"global health inequities","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-health","display_name":"African health","score":0.3610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.8027298450469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43646419048309326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3357459306716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06580290198326111}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.03357","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.03357","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.03357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2403.03357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.03357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.03357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.03357","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.03357","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.03357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392575382.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392575382.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362679231","https://openalex.org/W7160944128","https://openalex.org/W3156313717","https://openalex.org/W4411541769","https://openalex.org/W4407115911","https://openalex.org/W7212226906","https://openalex.org/W4311102276","https://openalex.org/W7160937573","https://openalex.org/W4316926559","https://openalex.org/W7172338451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"growing":[1],"application":[2],"of":[3,31,75,127,137,160,169,186,204,212,219],"machine":[4],"learning":[5],"(ML)":[6],"technologies":[7,214],"in":[8,28,80,92,215,252],"healthcare,":[9],"there":[10,182,228],"have":[11,36],"been":[12],"calls":[13],"for":[14,34,39,58,77,207,245,250],"developing":[15,246],"techniques":[16],"to":[17,55,72,119,179],"understand":[18],"and":[19,51,84,109,114,139,148,162,190,210,235],"mitigate":[20],"biases":[21],"these":[22,239],"systems":[23],"may":[24,88],"exhibit.":[25],"Fair-ness":[26],"considerations":[27],"the":[29,48,81,124,135,141,151,202,208,217,220],"development":[30,209],"ML-based":[32],"solutions":[33,249],"health":[35,251],"particular":[37],"implications":[38],"Africa,":[40,216],"which":[41],"already":[42],"faces":[43],"inequitable":[44],"power":[45],"imbalances":[46],"between":[47,143,188,233],"Global":[49],"North":[50],"South.This":[52],"paper":[53],"seeks":[54],"explore":[56],"fairness":[57,78],"global":[59],"health,":[60,113,147],"with":[61,103],"Africa":[62,118],"as":[63,134],"a":[64,69,198,230],"case":[65],"study.":[66],"We":[67,97],"conduct":[68,99],"scoping":[70],"review":[71],"propose":[73],"axes":[74,126,168],"disparities":[76,170],"consideration":[79],"African":[82],"context":[83],"delineate":[85],"where":[86],"they":[87],"come":[89],"into":[90],"play":[91],"different":[93],"ML-enabled":[94],"medical":[95],"modalities.":[96],"then":[98],"qualitative":[100],"research":[101],"studies":[102],"672":[104],"general":[105,191,221],"population":[106,192,222],"study":[107],"participants":[108,172,223],"28":[110],"experts":[111,189,195],"inML,":[112],"policy":[115],"focused":[116],"on":[117,123,132,238],"obtain":[120],"corroborative":[121],"evidence":[122],"proposed":[125],"disparities.":[128],"Our":[129],"analysis":[130],"focuses":[131],"colonialism":[133],"attribute":[136],"interest":[138],"examines":[140],"interplay":[142],"artificial":[144],"intelligence":[145],"(AI),":[146],"colonialism.":[149,236],"Among":[150],"pre-identified":[152],"attributes,":[153],"we":[154,241],"found":[155],"that":[156,171],"colonial":[157,205],"history,":[158],"country":[159],"origin,":[161],"national":[163],"income":[164],"level":[165],"were":[166],"specific":[167],"believed":[173],"would":[174],"cause":[175],"an":[176],"AI":[177,213,234],"system":[178],"be":[180],"biased.However,":[181],"was":[183,229],"also":[184],"divergence":[185],"opinion":[187],"participants.":[193],"Whereas":[194],"generally":[196],"expressed":[197],"shared":[199],"view":[200],"about":[201],"relevance":[203],"history":[206],"implementation":[211],"majority":[218],"surveyed":[224],"did":[225],"not":[226],"think":[227],"direct":[231],"link":[232],"Based":[237],"findings,":[240],"provide":[242],"practical":[243],"recommendations":[244],"fairness-aware":[247],"ML":[248],"Africa.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2024-03-08T00:00:00"}
