{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392568898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3249","title":"Cyberspace as a Source of New Threats to the Security of the European Union","display_name":"Cyberspace as a Source of New Threats to the Security of the European Union","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392568898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.35808/ersj/3249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3249","pdf_url":"https://ersj.eu/journal/3249/download/Cyberspace+as+a+Source+of+New+Threats+to+the+Security+of+the+European+Union.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563877","display_name":"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL","issn_l":"1108-2976","issn":["1108-2976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","norway-1","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323995299","host_organization_name":"University of Piraeus","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323995299"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Piraeus"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ersj.eu/journal/3249/download/Cyberspace+as+a+Source+of+New+Threats+to+the+Security+of+the+European+Union.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048244188","display_name":"Zbigniew Ciekanowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-894X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-894X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096922","display_name":"Akademia Bialska im. Jana Paw\u0142a II","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtya531","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096922"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zbigniew Ciekanowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics, John Paul II Univerrsity of Applied Sciences in Bia\u0142a Podlaska, Poland,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics, John Paul II Univerrsity of Applied Sciences in Bia\u0142a Podlaska, Poland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032201789","display_name":"Marek Gruchelski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154018","display_name":"Warsaw Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pjj9g71","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154018"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Gruchelski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Warsaw Management University, Poland,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warsaw Management University, Poland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024316395","display_name":"Julia Nowicka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-0519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-0519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150966","display_name":"War Studies Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/05113d564","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150966"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Nowicka","raw_affiliation_strings":["War Studies University, Poland,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"War Studies University, Poland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052621756","display_name":"S\u0142awomir Krzysztof \u017burawski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-3391","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9527-3391"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136022","display_name":"State School of Higher Education in Che\u0142m","ror":"https://ror.org/047ta5t95","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136022"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Slawomir \u017burawski","raw_affiliation_strings":["State School of Higher Education in Che\u0142m , Poland ,","State School of Higher Education in Che\u0142m, Poland, ORCID: 0000-0001-9527-3391,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State School of Higher Education in Che\u0142m , Poland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136022"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State School of Higher Education in Che\u0142m, Poland, ORCID: 0000-0001-9527-3391,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136022"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038225508","display_name":"Yury Pauliuchuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-5124","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-5124"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I231086526","display_name":"University of Siedlce","ror":"https://ror.org/01wkb9987","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I231086526"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yury Pauliuchuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities , Poland,","Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland, ORCID"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities , Poland,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I231086526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland, ORCID","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I231086526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0204,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96277908,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"XXVI","issue":"Issue 3","first_page":"782","last_page":"797"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14282","display_name":"Security, Politics, and Digital Transformation","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity","display_name":"cybersecurity","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"cyberspace","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-threats","display_name":"cyber threats","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union-security","display_name":"European Union security","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-member-states","display_name":"EU member states","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-cyber-threats","display_name":"emerging cyber threats","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-institutions","display_name":"EU institutions","score":0.46000000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.8702020645141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.549979567527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.5453464984893799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.52447509765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.48610997200012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3863356113433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.37686049938201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2681218981742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20573750138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12137222290039062}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.35808/ersj/3249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3249","pdf_url":"https://ersj.eu/journal/3249/download/Cyberspace+as+a+Source+of+New+Threats+to+the+Security+of+the+European+Union.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563877","display_name":"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL","issn_l":"1108-2976","issn":["1108-2976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","norway-1","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323995299","host_organization_name":"University of Piraeus","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323995299"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Piraeus"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.um.edu.mt:123456789/114974","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/114974","pdf_url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/114974/1/ERSJ26%283%29A52.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400782","display_name":"OAR@UM (University of Malta)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","host_organization_name":"University of Malta","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ers:journl:v:xxvi:y:2023:i:3:p:782-797","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ersj.eu/journal/3249/download","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.35808/ersj/3249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/3249","pdf_url":"https://ersj.eu/journal/3249/download/Cyberspace+as+a+Source+of+New+Threats+to+the+Security+of+the+European+Union.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764563877","display_name":"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL","issn_l":"1108-2976","issn":["1108-2976"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","norway-1","poland-100"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323995299","host_organization_name":"University of Piraeus","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323995299"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Piraeus"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.666700005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392568898.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392568898.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611570090","https://openalex.org/W1457321438","https://openalex.org/W2971018632","https://openalex.org/W4244157438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7034470845","https://openalex.org/W4389574871","https://openalex.org/W7204027633","https://openalex.org/W7213793161","https://openalex.org/W2741720926","https://openalex.org/W3120855959","https://openalex.org/W2542630981","https://openalex.org/W3167251267","https://openalex.org/W4413017248","https://openalex.org/W7160730755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"The":[1,54,116,152],"main":[2,97],"aim":[3],"of":[4,18,66,71,88,99,106,167,210,219,223],"this":[5],"article":[6,101,201],"is":[7,28,51,178,186],"to":[8,46,58,92,111,137,144,207],"characterize":[9],"threats":[10,94,110,228],"in":[11,40,123,160,164,217,229],"the":[12,16,33,43,48,63,67,86,100,156,165,208,220],"cyber":[13,72,93,148,227],"domain":[14],"affecting":[15],"security":[17,73,203],"European":[19,34,117,125,197],"Union":[20,35,80,118,198],"(EU)":[21],"member":[22,113],"states.":[23],"Design/Methodology/Approach:The":[24],"primary":[25],"research":[26,49,158],"question":[27,50],"formulated":[29],"as":[30,52,83,85],"follows:":[31,53],"Does":[32],"play":[36],"a":[37,103,120,214],"significant":[38,121],"role":[39,122],"shaping":[41,124],"cybersecurity?Correspondingly,":[42],"hypothesis":[44],"adopted":[45],"address":[47],"EU":[55,78,112],"takes":[56],"actions":[57],"enhance":[59],"resilience":[60],"against":[61],"cyberattacks.In":[62],"initial":[64],"section":[65],"article,":[68],"fundamental":[69],"concepts":[70],"and":[74,108,130,139,141,146,162,193,225],"cyberspace":[75],"are":[76,95,135],"defined.Subsequently,":[77],"tools,":[79],"legal":[81,191],"regulations,":[82],"well":[84],"obligations":[87],"key":[89],"entities":[90],"pertaining":[91],"presented.The":[96],"part":[98],"provides":[102],"detailed":[104],"characterization":[105],"new":[107,147,215],"major":[109],"states":[114],"Findings:":[115],"plays":[119],"cybersecurity,":[126,168,211],"primarily":[127],"through":[128],"legislation":[129],"its":[131],"subordinate":[132],"institutions,":[133],"which":[134,212],"intended":[136],"prevent":[138],"rapidly":[140],"effectively":[142],"respond":[143],"emerging":[145,226],"threats.":[149],"Practical":[150],"implications:":[151],"study":[153],"relies":[154],"on":[155,181],"latest":[157],"presented":[159],"documents":[161,194],"reports":[163],"field":[166,209],"published":[169,195],"between":[170],"2020-2022":[171],"by":[172,196],"international":[173],"organizations.":[174],"Additionally,":[175],"an":[176],"analysis":[177],"conducted":[179],"based":[180],"recent":[182],"scholarly":[183],"articles.":[184],"Information":[185],"also":[187],"sourced":[188],"from":[189],"national":[190],"acts":[192],"authorities.Originality/Value:":[199],"This":[200],"addresses":[202],"management":[204],"issues":[205],"related":[206],"constitutes":[213],"challenge":[216],"light":[218],"rapid":[221],"development":[222],"technology":[224],"cyberspace.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-03-08T00:00:00"}