{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392552154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10030183","title":"Gellan Gum as a Unique Microbial Polysaccharide: Its Characteristics, Synthesis, and Current Application Trends","display_name":"Gellan Gum as a Unique Microbial Polysaccharide: Its Characteristics, Synthesis, and Current Application Trends","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392552154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10030183","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38534601","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10970089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels10030183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10030183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10030183","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/3/183/pdf?version=1709779884","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/3/183/pdf?version=1709779884","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102626281","display_name":"Raghad Abdl Karim Abdl Aali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","display_name":"University of Basrah","ror":"https://ror.org/00840ea57","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghad Abdl Aali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah City 61004, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah City 61004, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070422304","display_name":"Shayma Thyab Gddoa Al\u2010Sahlany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-6870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-6870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","display_name":"University of Basrah","ror":"https://ror.org/00840ea57","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shayma Al-Sahlany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah City 61004, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-6870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah City 61004, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070422304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":3.1724,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95605423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"183","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12192","display_name":"Polysaccharides Composition and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12192","display_name":"Polysaccharides Composition and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14285","display_name":"Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gellan-gum","display_name":"gellan gum","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-polysaccharides","display_name":"microbial polysaccharides","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exopolysaccharide-biosynthesis","display_name":"exopolysaccharide biosynthesis","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysaccharide-extraction-and-purification","display_name":"polysaccharide extraction and purification","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysaccharide-composition","display_name":"polysaccharide composition","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gelation","display_name":"gelation","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogels","display_name":"hydrogels","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodegradable-materials","display_name":"biodegradable materials","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biocompatibility","display_name":"biocompatibility","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-applications","display_name":"food applications","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-applications","display_name":"biomedical applications","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmetic-applications","display_name":"cosmetic applications","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmaceutical-applications","display_name":"pharmaceutical applications","score":0.9049999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781220964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416694","display_name":"Gellan gum","level":2,"score":0.9203011989593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100817775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134219","display_name":"Polysaccharide","level":2,"score":0.6950275897979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777230088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864426","display_name":"Biocompatibility","level":2,"score":0.6230259537696838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779717098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131207","display_name":"Cosmetics","level":2,"score":0.5856702923774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4994635581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155574463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170731","display_name":"Solubility","level":2,"score":0.497501403093338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4868287444114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4773954749107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780100132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410768","display_name":"Xanthan gum","level":3,"score":0.4469519853591919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4010102450847626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37770140171051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.2956196069717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.20565181970596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09541773796081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.07403552532196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels10030183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10030183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10030183","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/3/183/pdf?version=1709779884","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10970089","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10970089","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10970089/pdf/gels-10-00183.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:38534601","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38534601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b30ecf3eca9a4ab49da8971e963d02bf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b30ecf3eca9a4ab49da8971e963d02bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gels, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 183 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels10030183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10030183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10030183","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/3/183/pdf?version=1709779884","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392552154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392552154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":128,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497651483","https://openalex.org/W1544088507","https://openalex.org/W1591465476","https://openalex.org/W1788547428","https://openalex.org/W1953223152","https://openalex.org/W1965369865","https://openalex.org/W1983517417","https://openalex.org/W1988897508","https://openalex.org/W1990249097","https://openalex.org/W1994841638","https://openalex.org/W1997701214","https://openalex.org/W1999297943","https://openalex.org/W2002860102","https://openalex.org/W2005373964","https://openalex.org/W2011694876","https://openalex.org/W2012626533","https://openalex.org/W2013178805","https://openalex.org/W2017702869","https://openalex.org/W2019400427","https://openalex.org/W2022102397","https://openalex.org/W2024306244","https://openalex.org/W2027957122","https://openalex.org/W2035166175","https://openalex.org/W2036924614","https://openalex.org/W2045285072","https://openalex.org/W2046014815","https://openalex.org/W2046355400","https://openalex.org/W2048787638","https://openalex.org/W2054548770","https://openalex.org/W2055911178","https://openalex.org/W2056911844","https://openalex.org/W2058511098","https://openalex.org/W2063501500","https://openalex.org/W2063985741","https://openalex.org/W2071608780","https://openalex.org/W2078751179","https://openalex.org/W2111522074","https://openalex.org/W2124002189","https://openalex.org/W2133768599","https://openalex.org/W2134175660","https://openalex.org/W2147712642","https://openalex.org/W2257047971","https://openalex.org/W2259601849","https://openalex.org/W2343548389","https://openalex.org/W2484479210","https://openalex.org/W2613237430","https://openalex.org/W2614932114","https://openalex.org/W2769320734","https://openalex.org/W2783689787","https://openalex.org/W2785132603","https://openalex.org/W2792848539","https://openalex.org/W2809655445","https://openalex.org/W2894793903","https://openalex.org/W2896149483","https://openalex.org/W2905127343","https://openalex.org/W2909424119","https://openalex.org/W2914416358","https://openalex.org/W2934829680","https://openalex.org/W2944275757","https://openalex.org/W2946659632","https://openalex.org/W2956286981","https://openalex.org/W2966372744","https://openalex.org/W2970351718","https://openalex.org/W2981049214","https://openalex.org/W2981247299","https://openalex.org/W2981529853","https://openalex.org/W2986409485","https://openalex.org/W2991085361","https://openalex.org/W2996388828","https://openalex.org/W2996898871","https://openalex.org/W3007355326","https://openalex.org/W3013348767","https://openalex.org/W3032181824","https://openalex.org/W3033412360","https://openalex.org/W3038598794","https://openalex.org/W3040245042","https://openalex.org/W3048313563","https://openalex.org/W3080808580","https://openalex.org/W3083258720","https://openalex.org/W3096616583","https://openalex.org/W3109229933","https://openalex.org/W3124611869","https://openalex.org/W3127148786","https://openalex.org/W3127820268","https://openalex.org/W3130003353","https://openalex.org/W3150061134","https://openalex.org/W3160709670","https://openalex.org/W3164481261","https://openalex.org/W3165047228","https://openalex.org/W3175669929","https://openalex.org/W3202371368","https://openalex.org/W3205156148","https://openalex.org/W3210710316","https://openalex.org/W3214824431","https://openalex.org/W3216804755","https://openalex.org/W4200386487","https://openalex.org/W4213430529","https://openalex.org/W4223904308","https://openalex.org/W4236853452","https://openalex.org/W4238886451","https://openalex.org/W4281253994","https://openalex.org/W4283027191","https://openalex.org/W4286007863","https://openalex.org/W4292068928","https://openalex.org/W4293759620","https://openalex.org/W4303980846","https://openalex.org/W4307039776","https://openalex.org/W4308903995","https://openalex.org/W4312112367","https://openalex.org/W4321792612","https://openalex.org/W4360616389","https://openalex.org/W4361006250","https://openalex.org/W4366770114","https://openalex.org/W4380767708","https://openalex.org/W4382934058","https://openalex.org/W4384785092","https://openalex.org/W4385999115","https://openalex.org/W4386438936","https://openalex.org/W4387199865","https://openalex.org/W4387582410","https://openalex.org/W4387996472","https://openalex.org/W4388295326","https://openalex.org/W4388343719","https://openalex.org/W4388735989","https://openalex.org/W4388773982","https://openalex.org/W4390063375","https://openalex.org/W4391026649","https://openalex.org/W4391956840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172104568","https://openalex.org/W2373760646","https://openalex.org/W2376640866","https://openalex.org/W174565270","https://openalex.org/W4323316822","https://openalex.org/W7164477375","https://openalex.org/W4399232022","https://openalex.org/W2365229463","https://openalex.org/W2351046137","https://openalex.org/W4399232426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gellan":[0],"gum":[1],"(GG)":[2],"is":[3,10,24,46,98,126,143],"a":[4,19,30,55,71],"linear,":[5],"negatively":[6],"charged":[7],"exopolysaccharide":[8],"that":[9],"biodegradable":[11],"and":[12,21,48,63,93,95,109,119,146],"non-toxic.":[13],"When":[14],"metallic":[15],"ions":[16],"are":[17,156],"present,":[18],"hard":[20],"transparent":[22],"gel":[23],"produced,":[25],"which":[26],"remains":[27],"stable":[28],"at":[29],"low":[31],"pH.":[32],"It":[33],"exhibits":[34],"high":[35],"water":[36],"solubility,":[37],"can":[38],"be":[39],"easily":[40],"bio-fabricated,":[41],"demonstrates":[42],"excellent":[43],"film/hydrogel":[44],"formation,":[45],"biodegradable,":[47],"shows":[49],"biocompatibility.":[50],"These":[51],"characteristics":[52],"render":[53],"GG":[54,122,132],"suitable":[56],"option":[57],"for":[58,160],"use":[59],"in":[60,83,152,163],"food,":[61,138],"biomedical,":[62],"cosmetic":[64],"fields.":[65],"Thus,":[66],"this":[67,102,153],"review":[68],"paper":[69,103],"offers":[70],"concise":[72],"summary":[73],"of":[74,81,86,107,116,121,131],"microbial":[75],"polysaccharides.":[76],"Moreover,":[77,128],"an":[78,113],"in-depth":[79,114],"investigation":[80],"trends":[82],"different":[84,134],"facets":[85],"GG,":[87],"such":[88,136],"as":[89,137],"biosynthesis,":[90],"chemical":[91,96],"composition,":[92],"physical":[94],"properties,":[97],"emphasized.":[99],"In":[100],"addition,":[101],"highlights":[104],"the":[105,117,129,164],"process":[106],"extracting":[108],"purifying":[110],"GG.":[111],"Furthermore,":[112],"discussion":[115],"advantages":[118],"disadvantages":[120],"concerning":[123],"other":[124],"polysaccharides":[125],"presented.":[127],"utilization":[130],"across":[133],"industries,":[135],"medicine,":[139],"pharmaceuticals,":[140],"cosmetics,":[141],"etc.,":[142],"thoroughly":[144],"examined":[145],"will":[147],"greatly":[148],"benefit":[149],"individuals":[150],"involved":[151],"field":[154],"who":[155],"seeking":[157],"fresh":[158],"opportunities":[159],"innovative":[161],"projects":[162],"future.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2024-03-08T00:00:00"}
