{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392536053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085","title":"Generation and optimisation of colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks","display_name":"Generation and optimisation of colour-shaded relief maps using neural networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392536053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106004775","display_name":"Geocarto International","issn_l":"1010-6049","issn":["1010-6049","1752-0762"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geocarto International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chenglin Bian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglin Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002173873","display_name":"Shaomei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8010-1850","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8010-1850"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaomei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037534240","display_name":"Jingzhen Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-0131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-0131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingzhen Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guangzhi Yin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangzhi Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104108213","display_name":"Bowei Wen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowei Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101634786","display_name":"Linghui Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0607-8962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0607-8962"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linghui Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002173873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":{"value":3265,"currency":"AUD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":{"value":3265,"currency":"AUD","value_usd":2390},"fwci":6.2818,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95636991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13854","display_name":"Historical Geography and Cartography","score":0.5679000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13854","display_name":"Historical Geography and Cartography","score":0.5679000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.11509999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.10239999741315842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shaded-relief","display_name":"shaded relief","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"digital elevation model","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-gan","display_name":"conditional generative adversarial networks","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-net-generator","display_name":"U-Net generator","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain-representation","display_name":"terrain representation","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation-mapping","display_name":"elevation mapping","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/map-generalization","display_name":"map generalization","score":0.8610000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5742756128311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.5574133992195129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5118957757949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4485366642475128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4099535048007965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3324960172176361}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106004775","display_name":"Geocarto International","issn_l":"1010-6049","issn":["1010-6049","1752-0762"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geocarto International","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f7b3aade3cd4a159a96212af6be1128","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f7b3aade3cd4a159a96212af6be1128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Geocarto International, Vol 39, Iss 1 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10106049.2024.2322085?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106004775","display_name":"Geocarto International","issn_l":"1010-6049","issn":["1010-6049","1752-0762"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geocarto International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5775236979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6419797467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42101455","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392536053.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392536053.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529077413","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1968527321","https://openalex.org/W2055537419","https://openalex.org/W2059500783","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2347760934","https://openalex.org/W2357062845","https://openalex.org/W2552465644","https://openalex.org/W2622779476","https://openalex.org/W2998917644","https://openalex.org/W3090030562","https://openalex.org/W4284896659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090030562","https://openalex.org/W4406929710","https://openalex.org/W4284896659","https://openalex.org/W6929080073","https://openalex.org/W4402485160","https://openalex.org/W4409210246","https://openalex.org/W7211894949","https://openalex.org/W139778487","https://openalex.org/W6966340435","https://openalex.org/W2059500783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shaded":[0],"relief":[1,18,46,71,79,101,130,151,161],"is":[2],"a":[3,13,60],"primary":[4,107],"tool":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,23,76,86,153],"effectively":[8,24,104],"portray":[9],"three-dimensional":[10],"terrain":[11,108,134],"on":[12,82],"two-dimensional":[14],"plane":[15],"surface.":[16],"Colour-shaded":[17],"maps":[19,47,80,102],"use":[20],"colour":[21],"variations":[22],"represent":[25],"elevation":[26,67],"changes":[27],"and":[28,40,131,157],"even":[29],"capture":[30],"the":[31,87,106,111,120,125,138,146,155],"natural":[32],"hues":[33],"of":[34,63,98,129,133,159],"surface":[35],"landscapes.":[36],"This":[37],"study":[38],"evaluates":[39],"proposes":[41],"methods":[42],"for":[43,145],"creating":[44],"colour-shaded":[45,70,78,160],"using":[48,59],"neural":[49,53],"networks.":[50],"Four":[51],"distinct":[52],"network":[54],"shading":[55],"models":[56,103],"were":[57],"trained":[58],"dataset":[61],"composed":[62],"slices":[64],"from":[65],"\u2018digital":[66],"model":[68,118,152],"(DEM)\u2013manual":[69],"maps\u2019.":[72],"The":[73,90,114],"aim":[74],"was":[75,143],"generate":[77],"based":[81],"DEM":[83],"data":[84],"specific":[85],"mapped":[88,112],"area.":[89,113],"experimental":[91],"results":[92],"suggest":[93],"that":[94],"all":[95],"four":[96],"types":[97],"network-based":[99],"shaded":[100,150],"depict":[105],"features":[109],"within":[110],"CGAN":[115,147],"(UNet":[116,148],"generator)":[117,149],"yields":[119],"most":[121],"optimal":[122],"results,":[123],"showcasing":[124],"superior":[126],"cartographic":[127],"generalisation":[128],"delineation":[132],"structures":[135],"compared":[136],"with":[137],"other":[139],"models.":[140],"Specialised":[141],"training":[142],"conducted":[144],"improve":[154],"clarity":[156],"authenticity":[158],"maps.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2024-03-07T00:00:00"}
